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The exogenous addition of GABA also increased the height, biomass, and CAT activity and reduced the MDA and PRO level of leaves. In addition, exogenous addition of GABA still had a certain improvement on the CAT activity and chlorophyll content of the ORS571-S. rostrata symbiotic system. In conclusion, ORS571 inoculation and GABA application have a positive effect on improving the salt stress tolerance in S. rostrata, which are closely associated with increasing chlorophyll synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity and changing the amino acid content. Therefore, it can be used as a potential biological measure to improve the saline-alkali land.Global climate change will cause longer and warmer autumns, thus negatively affecting the quality of cold acclimation (CA) and reducing the freezing tolerance (FT) of winter wheat. Insufficient FT and fluctuating temperatures during winter can accelerate the deacclimation (DEA) process, whereas reacclimation (REA) is possible only while the vernalization requirement is unfulfilled. Six winter wheat genotypes with different winter hardiness profiles were used to evaluate the impact of constant low-temperature (2°C) and prolonged higher low-temperature (28 days at 10°C followed by 2°C until day 49) on shoot biomass and metabolite accumulation patterns in leaf and crown tissues throughout 49 days of CA, 7 days of DEA, and 14 days of REA. The FT of winter wheat was determined as LT30 values by conducting freezing tests after CA, DEA, and REA. Shoot biomass accumulation, projected as the green leaf area (GLA), was investigated by non-destructive RGB imaging-based phenotyping. Dynamics of carbohydrates, hexose phosine and proteins, accumulated in crowns, showed positive correlations with FT. This study broadens the knowledge regarding the effect of different low-temperature regimes on the dynamics of metabolite accumulation in winter wheat throughout CA, DEA, and REA, and its relationship to biomass accumulation and FT.Climate-resilient crops with improved adaptation to the changing climate are urgently needed to feed the growing population. Hence, developing high-yielding crop varieties with better agronomic traits is one of the most critical issues in agricultural research. These are vital to enhancing yield as well as resistance to harsh conditions, both of which help farmers over time. The majority of agronomic traits are quantitative and are subject to intricate genetic control, thereby obstructing crop improvement. Plant epibreeding is the utilisation of epigenetic variation for crop development, and has a wide range of applications in the field of crop improvement. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are heritable and induced by methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones or RNA interference rather than an alteration in the underlying sequence of DNA. The epigenetic modifications influence gene expression by changing the state of chromatin, which underpins plant growth and dictates phenotypic responsiveness for extrinsic and intrinsic inputs. Epigenetic modifications, in addition to DNA sequence variation, improve breeding by giving useful markers. Also, it takes epigenome diversity into account to predict plant performance and increase crop production. In this review, emphasis has been given for summarising the role of epigenetic changes in epibreeding for crop improvement.The temperature during the bloom period leading up to fruit set is a key determinant of reproductive success in plants and of harvest yield in crop plants. However, it is often unclear whether differences in yield components result from temperature effects on the whole plant or specifically on the flower or fruit sinks. We used a forced-convection, free-air cooling and heating system to manipulate the inflorescence temperature of field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines during the bloom period. Temperature regimes included cooling (ambient -7.5°C), heating (ambient +7.5°C), an ambient control, and a convective control. Cooling significantly retarded the time to fruit set and subsequent berry development, and heating shortened the time to fruit set and accelerated berry development relative to the two controls. Fruit set was decreased in cooled inflorescences, but although the cooling regime resulted in the lowest berry number per cluster, it also decreased seed and berry weight at harvest while not affecting seed number. Cooling inflorescences slightly decreased fruit soluble solids and pH, and increased titratable acidity, but did not affect color density. The inflorescence temperature did not impact leaf gas exchange and shoot growth, and shoot periderm formation occurred independently of the timing of fruit ripening. These results suggest that the temperature experienced by grape flowers during bloom time impacts fruit set and subsequent seed and berry development. Suboptimal temperatures not only reduce the proportion of flowers that set fruit but also limit the sink strength of the berries that do develop after fruit set. Shoot vigor and maturation, and leaf physiology, on the other hand, may be rather insensitive to temperature-induced changes in reproductive development.Post-earthquake robots can be used extensively to inspect and evaluate building damage for safety assessment. However, the surrounding environment and path for such robots are complex and unstable with unexpected obstacles. Thus, path planning for such robot is crucial to guarantee satisfactory inspection and evaluation while approaching the ideal position. To achieve this goal, we proposed a distributed small-step path planning method using modified reinforcement learning (MRL). Limited distance and 12 directions were gridly refined for the robot to move around. see more The small moving step ensures the path planning to be optimal in a neighboring safe region. The MRL updates the direction and adjusts the path to avoid unknown disturbances. After finding the best inspection angle, the camera on the robot can capture the picture clearly, thereby improving the detection capability. Furthermore, the corner point detection method of buildings was improved using the Harris algorithm to enhance the detection accuracy. An experimental simulation platform was established to verify the designed robot, path planning method, and overall detection performance. Based on the proposed evaluation index, the post-earthquake building damage was inspected with high accuracy of up to 98%, i.e., 20% higher than traditional unplanned detection. The proposed robot can be used to explore unknown environments, especially in hazardous conditions unsuitable for humans.

This study examined for the first time in Greece, the estate planning and advance care planning (ACP) of healthy older adults and older patients diagnosed with different types of neurocognitive disorders for the presence of a valid will, a durable power of attorney for healthcare, and a living will, while the associations between general cognition, education, depression, actual financial capacity, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were examined.

A total of 543 participants were examined with neuropsychological tests including Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS). Along with the neuropsychological examination, all participants responded to relevant ACP questions.

Surprisingly, the majority of the participants regardless of their diagnostic group did not have a valid will, had not assigned a durable power of attorney for healthcare, and had not a written living will. Logistic regression revealed that biological sex, age, education, marital status, diagnostic group, MMSE, GDS, and actual financial capacity as measured with LCPLTAS did not predict the existence of a valid will, durable power of attorney, and written living will.

A diagnosis of AD is not associated with more engagement in ACP as supported by research in USA. Concerns are raised about possible exploitation and abuse of older patients.

A diagnosis of AD is not associated with more engagement in ACP as supported by research in USA. Concerns are raised about possible exploitation and abuse of older patients.The purpose of this study was to determine which socio-demographic, clinical, or functional factors are associated with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) over 20-years of follow-up in a community-dwelling sample of Mexican American women aged 65 years and older without UUI at baseline. We included 1,358 women participants from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly study conducted in the southwestern of US (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas). Measures included self-reported UUI, socio-demographics, smoking status, body mass index, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, physical and cognitive function, and handgrip strength. We used generalized estimating equation models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of UUI as a function of socioeconomic, clinical, and functional factors. Self-reported UUI increased from 3.1% to 21.9% from baseline (1993/1994) to follow-up (2012/2013). Current smokers, obesity, arthritis, previous heart attacks, and depressive symptoms were factors associated with greater odds of UUI over time. Identification of these factors can help clinicians determine those at high risk of developing UUI. Preventing and/or treating the risk factors early may delay UUI and increase quality of life in this underserved population.Levels of family functioning are an important consideration in determining appropriate clinical and educational intervention approaches for families and older adults. Theoretical and applied approaches are reviewed with the emphasis on specific interventions that support different levels of family functioning and caregiving. Additionally, different dynamics within the family and their relations with aging family members are examined. This paper updates and expands discussions on levels of family functioning considerations by Sterns et al. using Blocher's theory of level of human effectiveness. Further levels of family functioning include the theories developed by Bowen's family systems theory. A present-day consideration is important for counseling, case management, caregiving, and treatment planning to assist families and their aging family member.Training health professional students to work with older adults will improve future workforce capacity to meet growing needs. Additionally, older adults may benefit from health education and interactions with health professional students. We analyzed survey responses from older adults who had participated in an interprofessional health student education program regarding their experiences. Qualitative data were summed and averaged, and quantitative survey data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test. At least 60% of participants reported receiving information for health needs or making changes to physical activity, dental care, or diet. The most significant differences in lifestyle modifications were noted among racial and ethnic minorities and among speakers of different primary languages. 64% of the qualitative responses reflected positive affirmation of the program. Our data suggest that interactions with health students are meaningful experiences for older adults, are associated with healthy habit changes, and reflect demographic differences in response to health education.