Olesenmaloney0496

Sustaining well-being challenges people with serious mental health issues. Community gardening is an occupation used to promote clients' well-being, yet there is limited evidence to support this intervention.

This paper examines how facilitated community gardening programs changed the subjective well-being and social connectedness of people living with mental health issues.

A community-based participatory research approach and qualitative methods were used with 23 adults living in supported housing and participating in supported community gardening programs. A constructivist approach guided inductive data analysis.

Participation in community gardening programs enhanced well-being through welcoming places, a sense of belonging, and developing positive feelings through doing. The connection to living things and responsibility for plants grounded participants in the present and offered a unique venue for learning about gardening and themselves.

Practitioners and service-users should collaborate to develop leadership, programs, places, and processes within community gardens to enhance well-being.

Practitioners and service-users should collaborate to develop leadership, programs, places, and processes within community gardens to enhance well-being.Moldy core is a fungal disease of apple fruits that is characterized by mycelial growth in the seed locules and is sometimes accompanied by penetration of the immediate surrounding flesh. The disease can go undetected until the fruit is cut open, as no external symptoms appear on the fruit. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Coniothyrium, Epicoccum, Phoma and Stemphylium are some of the common pathogens associated with moldy core (Serdani et al. 2002; Gao et al. 2013; McLeod 2014). The disease is more common in apple cultivars with an open calyx, where spores may initiate infections during the growing season or at the post-harvest storage stage (Spotts et al. 1988). In 2018, a shipment of 'Sweet Tango' apples from New Zealand to Scotian Gold Co-operative Ltd., Nova Scotia, Canada, was found to be affected by moldy core. Moderate to severe moldy core symptoms were observed when 10 apples were cut open (Figure S1). In comparison, 'Sweet Tango' apples grown in Nova Scotia showed no moldy core symptoms when 1. Characterization of Alternaria species groups associated with core rot of apples in South Africa. Mycol. Res. 106561-569. Simmons, E. G. 2007. Alternaria an identification manual. CBS Biodiversity Series. 6780 pp. Spotts, R. A., Holmes, R. J., and Washington, W. S. 1988. Factors affecting wet core rot of apples. PI3K inhibitor Australas. Plant Pathol. 1753-57. White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., and Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Pages 315-322 in PCR Protocols A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, and T. J. White, eds. San Diego, CA Academic Press. Woudenberg, J. H. C., et al. 2015. Alternaria section Alternaria Species, formae speciales or pathotypes. Stud. Mycol. 821-21.Tomato production worldwide is affected by numerous plant virus species. The early and accurate detection of viruses is a critical step for disease control. However, the simultaneous detection of the most known tomato viruses can be difficult due to the high number and diversity of tomato-infecting viruses. Here, we have identified four new viruses in Serbia by applying target-independent small RNA high-throughput sequencing (HTS). HTS was applied on pools of samples and separate samples, in total comprising 30 tomato samples that exhibited (severe) virus-like symptoms and were collected in Serbia during three annual surveys (2011-2013). These samples had previously tested negative for the presence of 16 tomato viruses using targeted detection methods. Three divergent complete genome sequences of Physostegia chlorotic mottled virus were obtained from different localities, indicating for the first time that this virus is widespread in Serbia and might represent an emergent viral pathogen of tomato. The tomato torrado virus was detected at one locality with devastating yield losses. The southern tomato virus was detected at two localities, and the spinach latent virus was detected at one locality. In addition, we detected the presence of one already known virus in Serbia, the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus. All the HTS results were subsequently confirmed by targeted detection methods. In this study, the successful application of post-hoc HTS testing of a limited number of pooled samples resulted in the discovery of new viruses. Thus, our results encourage the use of HTS in research and diagnostic laboratories, including laboratories that have limited resources to resolve disease etiology.Target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, has re-emerged as a disease of economic importance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the southeastern U.S. While this pathogen affects other economically important crops, relatively little is known about C. cassiicola on cotton, especially with regard to conditions conducive for disease development and sources of genetic resistance. Therefore, in order to more efficiently screen cotton genotypes for resistance, a greenhouse protocol is needed. Optimum temperature and conducive leaf wetness duration were determined in growth chamber trials. Temperature range for disease onset as well as greatest lesion counts occurred between 20 and 28°C. Generally, with ≥ 24 h leaf wetness at these temperatures, disease onset was noted as rapidly as 1 day after inoculation on a cultivar that was previously determined to be susceptible to target spot. A mist irrigation system was used to maintain prolonged periods of leaf wetness in the greenhouse. In greenhouse trials, inoculation of cotyledons with 4 × 104 conidia/ml allowed differentiation of five selected genotypes with disease reactions that reflected their field rankings. The current protocol will be useful for evaluating cotton breeding lines for resistance to target spot.Wild species or crop wild relatives (CWRs) provide a unique opportunity to introduce novel traits and expand the genetic base of the cultivated pigeonpea (Bohra et al. 2010, 2020). Among the wild relatives of pigeonpea, Cajanus scarabaeoides is cross-compatible with cultivated pigeonpea (C. cajan). To identify the resistant sources for use in the pigeonpea breeding, the present study was conducted using 79 wild pigeonpea accessions at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India during 2016-17 and 2017-18 (Figures 1 a and b). The pigeonpea accessions belonged to three different genera Cajanus, Rhynchosia and Flemingia. During field scouting, seedlings were observed with foliar chlorosis and wilting (Fig. 2a). Infected stem tissue exhibited brown to black discoloration, followed by gradual plant drying, and ultimately plant death (Fig. 2b). Infected plants were collected from the field and pathological examination was performed in the laboratory conditions. Wilted plant parts were surface-disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for two minutes and 5.