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Accurate assessment of regional lymph node (LN) status is essential for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. In this study, we aimed to compare the difference between intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) and peritumoral injection of ICG in the location of metastatic LNs.

Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study with 13 patients receiving intravenous injection of ICG and 16 patients receiving peritumoral injection of ICG. During the surgery, the fluorescence-positive LNs

were sent to undergo frozen section after fluorescence intensity was recorded. After the cervical LN dissection, all LNs were sorted by region, and the fluorescence intensity was recorded before the LNs were sent for paraffin section.

During the surgery, both intravenous or peritumoral injections with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of ICG had their respective pros and cons

, with the sensitivity and specificity being 62.5%/75% and 98.1%/89.1% respectively. After the surgery, both methods could reduce the pathological workload by preselecting the LNs at-risk in the premise of accurate assessing the cervical LN stage. However, intravenous ICG administration was more valuable in determining all types of LN status according to the fluorescence intensity [area under the curve (AUC) 0.91

0.78, P<0.001].

With the assistance of NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG, both administration methods could reduce the postoperative complication and the pathological workload, whereas the intravenous mode of ICG administration is superior in application value.

With the assistance of NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG, both administration methods could reduce the postoperative complication and the pathological workload, whereas the intravenous mode of ICG administration is superior in application value.

The diagnostic value of linked color imaging based on endoscopy for gastric intestinal metaplasia has shown variable results. Therefore, this meta-analysis sought to systematically evaluate the value of linked color imaging (LCI) based on the blue laser endoscopy system for the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM).

Literature searches were conducted of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to screen diagnostic tests of LCI. BOS172722 in vitro The random-effects model was adopted to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of LCI for GIM. Meta-DiSc 1.40 software was applied for the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios; symmetric receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curves were drawn, and the areas under the SROC curves (AUCs) were computed. Quality of the included studies was chosen to assess using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool.

Six original studies involving 700 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of LCI for diagnosing GIM were 0.87 (0.83-0.91), 0.86 (0.82-0.89), 5.72 (3.63-8.99), and 0.17 (0.08-0.36), respectively. SROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value was 0.9283.

Our study shows that LCI can be used for the accurate diagnosis of GIM. Considering weaknesses of available studies in terms of design, further studies with rigorous design are in need for further validating the findings of this meta-analysis.

Our study shows that LCI can be used for the accurate diagnosis of GIM. Considering weaknesses of available studies in terms of design, further studies with rigorous design are in need for further validating the findings of this meta-analysis.

The identification of the important elements that control hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation will expand our understanding of the mechanism of liver fibrosis induced by hypoxia and affect the outcome of clinical treatment. A previous research demonstrated that N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (

) is a potential regulator of fibrosis and a downstream target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (

). In this research, we studied the expression and function of NDRG2 in liver fibrosis induced by hypoxia.

LX-2 cells/NF-κB-silenced LX-2 cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions (1% O

) to activate HSCs

. The protein and mRNA expression levels of

,

and transforming growth factor beta 1 (

) were evaluated by western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Functional studies were performed using adenovirus-mediated gene upregulation.

The

mRNA and protein levels were reduced under hypoxic conditions in LX-2 cells and overexpression of

resulted in a decrease in the expression of

and

. Interestingly, no relationship was observed between

and

when the NF-κB pathway was blocked, which indicates that

can regulate the expression of

in LX-2 cells via the NF-κB pathway under hypoxic conditions.

may regulate the expression of

via the NF-κB pathway and may be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis induced by hypoxia.

NDRG2 may regulate the expression of TGF-β1 via the NF-κB pathway and may be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis induced by hypoxia.

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary factor leading to cardiovascular diseases, which are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been reported to improve heart function after MI; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this are unknown.

imaging can reveal the trafficking process and

biodistribution of exosomes, which may provide an insight into the communication mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of exosomes.

Glucose modified gold nanoparticles were used to label MSC-derived exosomes, aimed at minimizing membrane damage and maintaining the integrity of the exosomes. After labeling, the exosomes were visualized by

computed tomography (CT) imaging to determine the biodistribution at 4 and 24 h after injection into a MI mouse model.

MSC-derived exosomes were successfully labeled by glucose modified gold nanoparticles and CT imaging of these labeled exosomes indicated that MSC-Exo remained in the MI area for up to 24 h after intramyocardial injection.