Martinsenlundsgaard5711

Agreement on the 2 qualitative parameters was excellent (p less then 0.001). Intra-observer reproducibility results were non-significant on all parameters. DISCUSSION The 2 intra-articular LHB cross-sections proved reliable and reproducible in painful and in healthy shoulders. A standardized ultrasound protocol could thus enhance the precision of LHB assessment and treatment. The difficulties of LHB measurement, often related to shoulder pathology, may, however, hinder interpretation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, prospective intra- and inter-observer study. Five heavy metals namely, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are carcinogenic and show toxicity even at trace amounts, posing threats to environmental ecology and human health. There is an emerging trend of employing microalgae in phycoremediation of heavy metals, due to several benefits including abundant availability, inexpensive, excellent metal removal efficiency and eco-friendly nature. This review presents the recent advances and mechanisms involved in bioremediation and biosorption of these toxic heavy metals utilizing microalgae. Tolerance and response of different microalgae strains to heavy metals and their bioaccumulation capability with value-added by-products formation as well as utilization of non-living biomass as biosorbents are discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future prospects in bioremediation of heavy metals by microalgae are also explored. This review aims to provide useful insights to help future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for microalgae-based heavy metal bioremediation. Swine wastewater is categorized as one of the agricultural wastewater with high contents of organics and nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus, which may lead to eutrophication in the environment. Insufficient technologies to remove those nutrients could lead to environmental problems after discharge. Several physical and chemical methods have been applied to treat the swine wastewater, but biological treatments are considered as the promising methods due to the cost effectiveness and performance efficiency along with the production of valuable products and bioenergies. This review summarizes the characteristics of swine wastewaters in the beginning, and briefly describes the current issues on the treatments of swine wastewaters. Several biological techniques, such as anaerobic digestion, A/O process, microbial fuel cells, and microalgae cultivations, and their future aspects will be addressed. Finally, the potentials to reutilize biomass produced during the treatment processes are also presented under the consideration of circular economy. BACKGROUND The German Prevention Act mandated long-term care insurance funds to support long-term care facilities in designing health-promoting structures. Idasanutlin One area of action is the promotion of the cognitive resources of nursing home residents. The objective of this systematic review was to describe and analyze interventions and intervention components that improve cognitive resources of nursing home residents. METHODS First, we conducted a search for systematic reviews to identify relevant randomised controlled trials in Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Gerolit, Embase, Psyndex, and Livivo; additional sources were hand-searched. Second, references of all relevant randomized controlled trials (n=43) were extracted from the identified systematic reviews (n=26). The original articles of the primary studies included were then considered and data extracted using criteria for the evaluation of complex interventions. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Nine interventions to promote cognitive resources were identified cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, physical training, art and music interventions, bright light, multicomponent stimulation, multisensory stimulation, care staff training and reminiscence. The quality of the underlying evidence in the inpatient long-term care setting was predominantly low, therefore, it was not always possible to draw clear conclusions regarding the efficacy of the interventions. The low quality of evidence was mainly due to the high heterogeneity as well as the low number and limited methodological quality of the primary studies. CONCLUSION In general, a wide range of nonpharmacological interventions were reported. Due to the limited evidence, however, these may be regarded as ideas only or possible options for promoting the cognitive resources of nursing home residents. BACKGROUND Osteoporosis leads to a series of problems such as postural impairment, poor balance. These problems may increase the risk of many problems such as falling and fracture. Therefore, detection of these problems is very important for prevention of these risks. The aim of this study was to compare the spine structure, postural stability and quality of life in women with and without osteoporosis. METHODS Forty-five women diagnosed with osteoporosis and 45 women without osteoporosis were included. Postural structure was assessed by the New York Posture Rating (NYPR) and Valedo®Shape device, mobility and balance were assessed with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the ProKin 252 stabilometric assessment machine. The quality of life was assessed by the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis. RESULTS In the sagittal plane, the thoracic angle was greater, spine length was shorter and spinal inclination angle was lower in osteoporotic patients with a significant difference (p  less then  0.05). The NYPR results of the osteoporotic group were significantly worse (p = 0.000). The cut-off point was 60° for the thoracic spinal curvature and 447 mm for the spine length. In the osteoporotic group, oscillation was higher in the open and closed eyes balances, the limit of stability was significantly lower and the TUG results were significantly worse (p  less then  0.05). The difference between quality of life was insignificant (p = 0.327). CONCLUSION Osteoporosis has a negative effect on the posture and spine. It causes changes in the angles of the spine and affects the balance negatively. It will be important to consider posture and balance problems in preventive rehabilitation for avoidance of serious problems such as falling and fracture. In addition, further studies examining the changes caused by osteoporosis and the impact of these changes on the clinic are needed.