Shermankarlsson7054

Independently of the total body fat mass, upper body fat mass deposition is strongly associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities. The mechanisms underlying fat mass localisation are not fully understood, but evidences indicate sex-specific fat mass distribution. Currently, data on women are scarce and the link between hormonal status changes during their life and fat mass distribution is overlooked.

For this narrative review, literature data were extracted from the PubMed and CENTRAL databases to examine the relationship between hormonal status and adipose tissue localisation in women.

Menopause strongly influences fat mass localisation, while the effect of the menstrual cycle phases, oral contraception use and pregnancy has not been unambiguously determined.

Reliable data are lacking on the relationship between hormonal variations throughout the lifespan and body fat mass localisation in women. Future studies should take into account the hormonal status of women to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

Reliable data are lacking on the relationship between hormonal variations throughout the lifespan and body fat mass localisation in women. Future studies should take into account the hormonal status of women to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.Objectives. To assess state policy environments and the relationship between state gun-control, gun-rights, and preemptive firearm-related laws in the United States. Methods. In 2019 through 2020, we evaluated substantive firearm laws and preemptive firearm laws across 50 US states for 2009 through 2018. Cilengitide For each state, we compared substantive measures with preemptive measures on the same policy topic for 2018. Results. The presence of state firearm-related laws varied across states, but with the exception of "punitive preemption" the number of gun-control, gun-rights, and preemptive measures remained unchanged in most states from 2009 through 2018. As of 2018, a majority of states had preemptive measures on almost all gun-control policy topics without enacting substantive gun-control measures. Several states had a combination of gun-control and preemptive measures. Only a small number of states had gun-control measures with few to no preemptive measures. Conclusions. Even where state legislators were unable to pass statewide gun-rights measures, they succeeded in passing preemption, preserving state authority over a wide range of gun-control and gun-rights policy topics. The majority of states used preemption as a tool to support policy frameworks favoring gun rights.

To evaluate the CT findings of acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) in breast cancer patients undergoing post-operative radiotherapy, and to analyze clinicodosimetric factors associated with acute RP.

Between 2015 and 2017, 61 patients with breast cancer who underwent follow-up chest CT at 3 months after radiotherapy were analyzed. The degree of acute RP on CT was evaluated by the change of extent and scoring system (grade 0, no RP; Grade 1, ground-glass opacities (GGOs); Grade 2, GGOs and/or consolidations; Grade 3, clear focal consolidation; Grade 4, dense consolidation). The dosimetric parameters were calculated from the dose-volume histogram of RT.

The acute RP on CT was scored as follows Grade 0, in 37.7%, Grade 1 in 13.1%, Grade 2 in 44.3%, and Grade 3 in 4.9%. The median extent of RP in patients with Grades 1 to 3 was 6.2 ml (range, 0.2-95.9). There were no clinicodosimetric factors significantly associated with the presence of RP or its severity. One patient developed symptomatic RP.

This study showed no correlation between acute RP and clinicodosimetric factors, and acute RP based on CT findings were much more common than symptomatic RP.

CT findings of acute RP or extent of RP were not significantly related to clinicodosimetric factors in breast cancer patients.

CT findings of acute RP or extent of RP were not significantly related to clinicodosimetric factors in breast cancer patients.Both the 1918 influenza pandemic and the 2019‒2021 COVID-19 pandemic are among the most disastrous infectious disease emergences of modern times. In addition to similarities in their clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features, the two pandemics, separated by more than a century, were each met with essentially the same, or very similar, public health responses, and elicited research efforts to control them with vaccines, therapeutics, and other medical approaches. Both pandemics had lasting, if at times invisible, psychosocial effects related to loss and hardship. In considering these two deadly pandemics, we ask what lessons have we learned over the span of a century, and how are we applying those lessons to the challenges of COVID-19?Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare disease. With modern non-invasive imaging modalities, the disease is being increasingly diagnosed. It is a slow-growing aneurysm with high mortality in the event of rupture; especially in pregnant females for in which case patients were treated surgically. With advances in endovascular therapy, numerous techniques have been employed to manage complex RAA in artery bifurcation, branch and segmental arteries with excellent technical and clinical success. The various recent techniques include the use of flow diverter stents, remodelling with stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE), balloon-assisted coil embolization (BACE), selective embolization with coils-sac packing, inflow occlusion and coil trapping and selective embolization with liquid embolic agents-hystroacril and onyx. A combination of stent-graft with liquid embolization and liquid with microcoil embolization has been advocated with success. The most common complication encountered is renal infarction. This is mostly without impairment of renal function and secondary to embolization. Endovascular therapy has shorter operative time, less blood loss, shorter intensive care stay, done under conscious sedation and is associated with lesser postoperative morbidity compared to surgery. Reduction in hypertension, improvement of renal function and symptoms has been seen in most studies. Endovascular management of RAA has become the management of choice even with complex anatomy and technically challenging lesions.