Rytterhowe3020

All rights reserved.ACPGBI and BDRF led the way on patient and public involvement (PPI) in colorectal research with the 2013-16 Delphi Games, which led to the integration of patients as key partners in research studies, as well as studies such as CIPHER and PREPARE ABC. With the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen the majority of colorectal research studies suspended, given the need for routine work to be reduced to focus resources on critical care. When we look to return to a new normal, these studies and others in the pipeline will resume. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Various intermittent fasting (IF) dietary plans have gained popularity among obese individuals in recent years as a means of achieving weight loss. Yet, studies evaluating the effect of IF regimens in people with metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are limited. The aim of the present review is to briefly elucidate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of IF, especially the effect of the proposed "metabolic switch" on metabolism. Then, we will examine the efficacy and safety of IF regimens in individuals with metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes, and T2DM. For this, we performed a MEDLINE PubMed search using the combination of various terminology of IF and included trials in which participants met the additional criteria for either metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes or T2DM. We found four studies in individuals with metabolic syndrome, one study in persons with pre-diabetes, and eight studies in people with T2DM evaluating the effects of different IF regimens. The limited available evidence with small sample sizes and short duration, suggests that IF regimens have similar effectiveness compared to calorie restriction (CR) diets for weight loss and improvement in glycemic parameters. In general, most IF regimens are effective and safe. However, there is increased risk of hypoglycemia in patients with T2DM who are treated with insulin or sulfonylureas. Moreover, the long-term adherence to these regimens appears uncertain. There is a need for large controlled randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of IF regimens especially in individuals with metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes. If proven to be sustainable and efficacious for prolonged periods, IF could offer a promising approach to improving health at the population level, and would result in multiple public health benefits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION The nasolabial fold causes particular concern during aging in the middle face region. However, arterial complications of filler injections at this site have been continually reported during recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial locations and their anastomotic pathways related to filler injection sites in the nasolabial fold. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty hemi-faces of 15 embalmed Thai cadavers were dissected. Three anatomical landmarks of nasolabial folds were assigned the inferior margin level (NLF1), the mid-philtral horizontal line level (NLF2), and the inferior alar level (NLF3). Ten hemi-faces of five soft embalmed Thai cadavers underwent a modified Sihler's staining procedure to investigate the arterial anastomoses. RESULTS The artery closest to all of the landmarks was the facial artery. HOpic inhibitor It was located inferomedial to NLF1 in 28%, and the mean distances along the X- and Y-axes were 3.53 ± 2.11 mm and 3.53 ± 1.75 mm, respectively. It was also located medial to NLF2 in 52.1% with an X-axis distance of 4.93 ± 1.53 mm. Several arteries were located close to NLF3, including the facial (33.3%), lateral nasal (33.3%), and infraorbital (30.0%) arteries. Anastomoses of the nasolabial arteries served to connect both the external-external and internal-external carotid systems. CONCLUSIONS Several arteries are located close to NLF1-NLF3. To prevent arterial injury, the locations and anastomotic pathways, as possible sources of severe complications, should be recognized prior to nasolabial fold filler injection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE The use of e-cigarettes is rapidly increasing in adolescents. Health care providers pay attention to e-cigarette users because of the risk of developing addiction and problematic behavior. Based on ecological perspective, this study investigated factors influencing continued e-cigarette use. METHODS We classified 1556 current e-cigarette users into experimental and continued users using the Korean national representative data. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression based on a complex sample analysis. RESULTS Among current e-cigarette users, 55.1% were continued users. Adolescents who use e-cigarettes because of the belief that they are less harmful than cigarettes, concealment, easy purchase, and adding various flavors had a high risk of continued use. Continued users were more likely to have a higher weekly allowance, lower rate of living with family, and higher chance of smoking parents and exposure to passive smoking at home. CONCLUSIONS Continued e-cigarette use was influenced by interpersonal and environmental factors, such as ease of purchase and addition of flavoring substances. Improving the environment of adolescents can prevent continued use of e-cigarettes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.CONTEXT The literature on reproductive decision making often focuses on women and neglects the role of men and the importance of relationship context. Research with couples is vital to understanding joint decision making regarding having children at various stages of a couple's relationship and an individual's life course. METHODS In-depth, individual interviews were conducted with a socioeconomically, racially and ethnically diverse sample of 50 young heterosexual women and their male partners in northern California in 2015-2016. A dyadic, thematic analytic approach was used to examine whether and how prospective pregnancy intentions and current pregnancy desires are negotiated at the couple level, and how relationship dynamics influence any negotiation and decision-making processes. RESULTS Twenty-three couples described engaging in joint pregnancy decision making, which required purposeful communication and, for some, compromise and acceptance. For nearly all of these couples, these processes led to aligned prospective pregnancy intentions, even when current pregnancy desires differed.