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The practical verification also show that small flocs are favorable for the high separation efficiency of the flotation process.It is a challenge to harvest both electricity and freshwater from the oceans. This communication demonstrates that the natural-inspired hierarchical evaporator based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes can generate electricity via water evaporation for freshwater production. Furthermore, for the first time, the effect of the nature of exposed electrodes in an electrolyte solution and the distance between two electrodes on the generation of electricity is carefully investigated. We found that the natural-inspired hierarchical evaporator could generate electricity for all time of the day. The proposed natural-inspired hierarchical evaporator is scalable, feasible, and low-cost, providing great potential for direct industrial applications of solar energy on clean water and electricity generations for all time of the day. Moreover, this work also provides additional evidence unravel how electricity is generated by water flow on the surface of carbon materials.

Open bite is considered one of the most complicated malocclusions in orthodontic treatment. In this study, the authors successfully treated total open bite involved in hypercementosis using orthodontic miniscrews.

A woman aged 25 years 8 months had total open bite. Her occlusal contact at the maximum intercuspation was present at the right second molars. A panoramic radiograph showed diffuse hypercementosis. The titanium miniscrews were interradicullay implanted between the first and second molars, and intrusion force was applied for 14 months. After active treatment, the patient's maxillary first molars showed about 1.6-millimeters of intrusion, resulting in counterclockwise mandibular rotation. Her acceptable occlusion was maintained after 1.0-year retention.

Miniscrews might be useful tool to improve malocclusion involved in diffuse hypercementosis though they are considered to be difficult to move and brought on ankylosis.

Miniscrews might be useful tool to improve malocclusion involved in diffuse hypercementosis though they are considered to be difficult to move and brought on ankylosis.

Caesarean section (C-section) rates of over 15% suggest overuse of the surgery which may be difficult to justify on medical grounds. One important contributor to the rise in Csection rates is the rapid expansion of unregulated private-sector providers in number of settings. This study analyses the contribution of private sector in the rapid rise in Csection deliveries in India and the extent to which these can be justified on medical grounds.

This is a cross sectional study design using National Family Health Surveys. Logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses are performed. The main outcome measured is avoidable C-sections in the private sector.

Our findings suggest that the rising trend in C-section rates in the private sector cannot be explained by medical reasons alone. read more The odds of C-section among women who chose to deliver in private was over 4 times higher than women who chose to delivery in public facilities. Despite, controlling for medical complications, women's characteristics and preferences, our PSM analysis suggest that the public-private gap has doubled over the years and that the difference cannot be explained by known determinants of C-section. Over supply of avoidable C-section to the extent of 21%, as a result of physician induced demand and perverse financial incentives was observed in the private sector.

This paper attempts to understand the reason for the high C-section rates in the private sector in India and the extent to which these are avoidable. Our analysis supports the assumption that physician induced demand as a result of perverse financial incentives in the private sector is at play.

This paper attempts to understand the reason for the high C-section rates in the private sector in India and the extent to which these are avoidable. Our analysis supports the assumption that physician induced demand as a result of perverse financial incentives in the private sector is at play.Social capital describes the social bonds that exist within a community and comprises norms of reciprocity and trust as well as social relationships and social networks. We use data from counties in the United States to identify if community level responses to COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic (February 17 - May 10) depended on levels of social capital. We find that individuals who lived in counties with high levels of social capital reduced mobility faster than individuals living in counties with low levels of social capital and that they especially reduced mobility directed at retail and recreational activities, i.e. non-essential activities with higher potential risk. Difference-in-difference results show that the adoption of shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs) in a county, an increase in the number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases and a rainy weather were all associated with a decline in mobility, but that effects were heterogenous and depended on community level social capital. Effects were more pronounced in high social capital communities. Based on these findings, we map the level of vulnerability of communities in the United States to COVID-19 counties with a large share of the population suffering from pre-existing medical conditions and low levels of community level social capital are especially susceptible to experiencing severe health outcomes because of COVID-19.

The DROP-IN gamma probe was introduced to overcome the restricted manoeuvrability of traditional laparoscopic gamma probes. Through enhanced manoeuvrability and surgical autonomy, the DROP-IN promotes the implementation of radioguided surgery in the robotic setting.

To confirm the utility and safety profile of the DROP-IN gamma probe and to perform a comparison with the traditional laparoscopic gamma probe and fluorescence guidance.

Twenty-five prostate cancer patients were scheduled for a robot-assisted sentinel lymph node (SN) procedure, extended pelvic lymph node dissection, and prostatectomy at a single European centre.

After intraprostatic injection of indocyanine green (ICG)-

Tc-nanocolloid (n = 12) or

Tc-nanocolloid + ICG (n = 13), SN locations were defined using preoperative imaging. Surgical excision of SNs was performed under image guidance using the DROP-IN gamma probe, the traditional laparoscopic gamma probe, and fluorescence imaging.

Intraoperative SN detection was assessed for the different modalities and related to anatomical locations.