Wheelersaunders5531

The design and development of specific recognition and sensing systems for biologically important anionic species has received growing attention in recent years, as they play significant roles in biology, pharmacy, and environmental sciences. Herein, a new supramolecular sensing probe L1 was developed for highly selective differentiation of nucleotides. L1 displayed extremely marked absorption and emission differentiation upon binding with nucleotide homologs of AMP, ADP, and ATP, due to the divergent spatial orientations of guests upon binding, which allowed for a naked-eye colorimetric differentiation for nucleotides. A differentiating mechanism was unambiguously rationalized by using various spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated that L1 can be applied to the real-time monitoring of the enzyme-catalyzed phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes and thus demonstrated an unprecedented visualizable strategy for selectively differentiating the structurally similar nucleotides and real-time monitoring of biological processes via fluorescent and colorimetric changes. Seeds are central to plant life cycle and to human nutrition, functioning as the major supplier of human population energy intake. To understand better the roles of enzymic writers and erasers of the epigenetic marks, in particular, histone ubiquitylation and the corresponding histone modifiers, involved in control of seed development, we identified the otubain-like cysteine protease OTU1 as a histone deubiquitinase involved in transcriptional repression of the DA1 and DA2 genes known to regulate seed and organ size in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutants of OTU1 accumulate H2B monoubiquitylation and such euchromatic marks as H3 trimethylation and hyperacetylation in the DA1 and DA2 chromatin. These data advance our knowledge about epigenetic regulation of the DA1 and DA2 genes by recognizing OTU1 as a member of a putative repressor complex that negatively regulates their transcription. Differently from the goal of fertilization in agricultural production to enhance the yield of seeds, the aim of present work focused on cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation is to increase the stem and leaf biomasses as much as possible due to they are the main organs of a hyperaccumulator extracting risk elements from soil. This experiment compared the effects of different nitrogen (N) application modes on Cd accumulation from soil by Solanum nigrum L. The results showed that stem and leaf biomasses of S. nigrum reached the maximum values with the N fertilizer application at Mode 4 (50 % 40 % 10 %, i.e. the front-heavy and back-light application of nitrogen fertilizer). In particular, application of N as (NH4)2SO4 and CH4N2O produced the greatest increases in S. nigrum biomasses compared to the control (CK2) with no N fertilizer. N concentration of S. R406 nmr nigrum and N fertilizer productivity under its different treatments were consistent with the above results. Similarly, Cd capacities were the highest in shoots of S. nigrum in Mode 4 either due to their Cd concentration without affected by N fertilizers. Thus, Mode 4 N application showed very important scientific merit for effective Cd phytoextraction in the real conditions. It is reported the synthesis of self-supported zeolite foam geopolymers (ZFG) from fly ash (FA) using saturated steam. These materials could be used as porous bulk-type solid adsorbents. Characterization analyses show that the alkaline activator (AA) modulus affects the structural unit distribution in foam geopolymer (FG), which ultimately provides different chemical compositions for the nucleation of zeolites resulting in different types of zeolites. Furthermore, the pore structure of ZFGs range from micro- to the macro-range and combine the functional micro-porosity of the zeolites, the meso-porosity and the macro-porosity of the foam geopolymer. ZFGs exhibit low apparent density (approximately 355 Kg/m3) and higher compressive strength (ranging from 1.03 MPa to 2.96 MPa). The possibility of using these innovative materials as heavy metal (Pb2+) adsorbents was then evaluated. The results show that they have a great capacity for the removal of the Pb2+ (as high as 123.2 mg g-1) and high adsorption efficiency (equilibration time as fast as 60 min). The lightweight bulk-type ZFGs could be used in packed beds as membranes for easy collection, unlike granular adsorbents. Moreover, their production contributes to the elimination of polluting FA solid wastes, mitigating the environmental impact associated with this waste disposal, while decreasing production costs. Long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) such as perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) are toxic, persistent organic pollutants. This study investigated the harmful effect of PFDA on mouse primary nephrocytes and its mechanism at cellular and molecular levels. Cellular results showed that PFDA exhibited nephrotoxicity with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. The increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and the decrease of intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significant (p  less then  0.01) when PFDA concentration exceeded 10 μM. Additionally, the molecular results indicated that PFDA bind with Val-A98 in the surface of Cu/Zn-SOD by a 3.11 Å hydrogen bond driven by Van der Waals' force and hydrogen bonding force, which triggered the structural changes and decreased activity of Cu/Zn-SOD. Altogether, the intracellular oxidative stress is the main driver of nephrocyte apoptosis; and the interaction of PFDA and Cu/Zn-SOD exacerbated the oxidative stress in nephrocytes, which is also a nonnegligible reason of cytotoxicity induced by PDFA. This study represented a meaningful method to explore the toxic effect and mechanism of xenobiotics at cellular and molecular levels. The findings have implications for revealing the clearance of long-chain PFAAs in vivo. The odor problems in plain reservoirs are more complex compared to valley reservoirs and ground water reservoirs. Just as YL Reservoir with wetlands ecosystem in Lixiahe Plain, Jiangsu Province has been suffering from complex odors, however, the odorants were unclear. In this study, a systematic study on odorants characterization and evaluation of plain YL reservoir was accomplished. Totally musty, septic, fishy, chemical and grassy odors were first identified simultaneously, twenty-four odorants were identified correspondingly. According to odor activity value ranking, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin, with odor activity values of 14-18 and 2.5-3.8, were major musty odorants, while bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, pentanethiol and indole, with odor activity values of 15.3-18.8, 1-1.3, 1.5-2.3, 2-3 and 0.7-0.9, were major septic compounds. Fishy and grassy odors were associated with 2,4-decadienal, hexanal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde and β-cyclocitral, while chemical odor was related to indane, eucalyptol, 2-nitrophenol, 2-methylphenol, tetramethylpyrazine, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene.