Warnerbryan3264

Results showed that using different types of DOWs with different intensities does have a detrimental effect on tasks requiring a high motor control, but not on cognitive or further office work-related tasks of various complexity. Abbreviations DOW dynamic office workstation; aLT activeLife Trainer; DB deskbike; RPE rated perceived exertion; MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance; ANOVA analysis of variance.Social power predicts numerous important life outcomes and social orientations. Thus far, the research literature has mainly examined how an individual's own power shapes interactions with others, whereas whether a target's power affects social interactions has been relatively neglected. In particular, does a target's power have an effect on the agent's prosocial behavior? Furthermore, could culture along with the power distance dimension alter the effect of a target's power on prosocial behavior? To explore these two research questions, we investigated the effect of a target's power (power unspecified targets vs. powerful targets) on prosocial behavior in both China and the United States. Questionnaires measuring prosocial behavior toward power unspecified or powerful targets were distributed to Chinese and American emerging adults (nin total = 893). According to the results, both Chinese and Americans were less likely to help powerful targets compared with power unspecified targets. Moreover, the Chinese were less prosocial toward both power unspecified and powerful targets in comparison to the Americans. These findings highlight the key roles of a target's power and culture in shaping an individual's prosocial behavior.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has challenged and changed health care systems around the world. There has been a heterogeneity of disease burden, health care resources, and nonimaging testing availability, both geographically and over time. In parallel, there has been a continued increase in understanding how the disease affects patients, effectiveness of therapeutic options, and factors that modulate transmission risk. In this report, radiology experts in representative countries from around the world share insights gained from local experience. These insights provide a guidepost to help address management challenges as cases continue to rise in many parts of the world and suggest modifications in workflow that are likely to continue after this pandemic subsides.Background Singapore saw an escalation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from fewer than 4000 in April 2020 to more than 40 000 in June 2020, with most of these cases attributed to spread within shared facilities housing foreign workers. Appropriate triage and escalation of clinical care are crucial for this patient group managed in community care facilities (CCFs). Purpose To evaluate the imaging guideline recommendations for COVID-19 from the Fleischner Society and to analyze the clinical utility of screening chest radiography for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to a designated CCF for continuation of their treatment during May 3-31, 2020, were identified. Upon admission, patients aged 36 years and older without any baseline chest images underwent chest radiography. All chest radiographs and clinical outcomes of patientrdance with Fleischner Society recommendations, screening chest radiography is not indicated in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who are aged 17-60 years with mild or no symptoms unless there is risk of clinical deterioration. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Schaefer-Prokop and Prokop in this issue.Background Hyperpolarized noble gas MRI helps measure lung ventilation, but clinical translation remains limited. Free-breathing proton MRI may help quantify lung function using existing MRI systems without contrast material and may assist in providing information about ventilation not visible to the eye or easily extracted with segmentation methods. Purpose To explore the use of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to generate synthetic MRI ventilation scans from free-breathing MRI (deep learning [DL] ventilation MRI)-derived specific ventilation maps as a surrogate of noble gas MRI and to validate this approach across a wide range of lung diseases. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of prospective trials, 114 paired noble gas MRI and two-dimensional free-breathing MRI scans were obtained in healthy volunteers with no history of chronic or acute respiratory disease and in study participants with a range of different obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstRI ventilation was 0.91 ± 0.07. The ventilation defect percentage for DL ventilation MRI was highly correlated with 3He MRI ventilation defect percentage (rS = 0.83, P less then .001, mean bias = -2.0% ± 5). Both DL ventilation MRI (rS = -0.51, P less then .001) and 3He MRI (rS = -0.61, P less then .001) ventilation defect percentage were correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The DCNN model required approximately 2 hours for training and approximately 1 second to generate a ventilation map. Conclusion In participants with diverse pulmonary pathologic findings, deep convolutional neural networks generated ventilation maps from free-breathing proton MRI trained with a hyperpolarized noble-gas MRI ventilation map data set. The maps showed correlation with noble gas MRI ventilation and pulmonary function measurements. © RSNA, 2020 See also the editorial by Vogel-Claussen in this issue.Background A framework for understanding rapid diffusion changes from 0 to 6 years of age is important in the detection of neurodevelopmental disorders. Purpose To quantify patterns of normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) development from 0 to 6 years of age. Materials and Methods Previously constructed age-specific ADC atlases from 201 healthy full-term children (108 male; age range, 0-6 years) with MRI scans acquired from 2006 to 2013 at one large academic hospital were analyzed to quantify four patterns ADC trajectory, rate of ADC change, age of ADC maturation, and hemispheric asymmetries of maturation ages. Patterns were quantified in whole-brain, segmented regional, and voxelwise levels by fitting a two-term exponential model. Hemispheric asymmetries in ADC maturation ages were assessed using t tests with Bonferroni correction. Results The posterior limb of the internal capsule (mean ADC left hemisphere, 1.18 ×103μm2/sec; right hemisphere, 1.17 ×103μm2/sec), anterior limb of the internal capsule (rs ± 0.33), basal ganglia (left, 1.79 years ± 0.31; right, 1.70 years ± 0.37), and hippocampi (left, 1.93 years ± 0.34; right, 1.78 years ± 0.33). Conclusion Normative apparent diffusion coefficient developmental patterns on diffusion-weighted MRI scans were quantified in children aged 0 to 6 years. This work provides knowledge about early brain development and may guide the detection of abnormal patterns of maturation. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Rollins in this issue.Background Functional MRI improves preoperative planning in patients with brain tumors, but task-correlated signal intensity changes are only 2%-3% above baseline. This makes accurate functional mapping challenging. Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) provides a novel strategy to separate functional MRI signal from noise without requiring user input or prior data representation. Purpose To determine whether MP-PCA denoising improves activation magnitude for task-based functional MRI language mapping in patients with brain tumors. Materials and Methods In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study, MP-PCA performance was first evaluated by using simulated functional MRI data with a known ground truth. Right-handed, left-language-dominant patients with brain tumors who successfully performed verb generation, sentence completion, and finger tapping functional MRI tasks were retrospectively identified between January 2017 and August 2018. On the group level, for ea± 0.40; P = .90), sentence completion (from -2.3 ± 0.21 to -2.4 ± 0.37; P = .39), or finger tapping (from -2.3 ± 1.20 to -2.7 ± 1.40; P = .07). Individual functional MRI task durations could be truncated by at least 40% after MP-PCA without degradation of clinically relevant correlations between functional cortex and functional MRI tasks. Conclusion Denoising with Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis led to higher task correlations in relevant cortical regions during functional MRI language mapping in patients with brain tumors. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article.Like many fields, bioethics has been constrained to thinking to race in terms of colorblindness, the idea that ideal deliberation would ignore race and hence prevent bias. There are practical and ethically significant problems with colorblind approaches to ethical deliberation, and important reasons why race is ethically relevant. Future discourse needs to understand how and why race is relevant in bioethics.Gut microbial communities of athletes differ from that of sedentary persons in both diversity and the presence of certain taxa. However, it is unclear to what degree elite athletes and non-elite athletes harbor different gut microbial community patterns and if we can effectively monitor the potential of athletes based on microbiota. A team of professional female rowing athletes in China was recruited and 306 fecal samples were collected from 19 individuals, which were separated into three cohorts adult elite athlete's (AE), youth elite athlete's (YE), and youth non-elite athlete's (YN). The differences in gut microbiome among different cohorts were compared, and their associations with dietary factors, physical characteristics, and athletic performance were investigated. The microbial diversities of elite athletes were higher than those of youth non-elite athletes. The taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic compositions of AE, YE and YN were significantly different. Additionally, three enterotypes with clear separation were identified in athlete's fecal samples, with majority of elite athletes stratified into enterotype 3. And this enterotype-dependent gut microbiome is strongly associated with athlete performances. These differences in athlete gut microbiota lead to establishment of a random forest classifier based on taxonomical and functional biomarkers, capable of differentiating elite athletes and non-elite athletes with high accuracy. Finally, these versatilities of athlete microbial communities of athletes were found to be associated with dietary factors and physical characteristics, which can in concert explain 41% of the variability in gut microbiome.In silico studies are attracting considerable interest due to their ability to understand protein-ligand interactions at the atomic level. IPA-3 concentration The main principal tools of this in silico analyses are molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. This paper examines how can natural compounds that are derived from Salviae miltiorrhizae to block Neisseria adhesion A Regulatory protein (NadR). In molecular docking analysis, only four compounds were found in higher binding affinity with NadR among 10 candidates (tanshinol B, tanshinol A, lithospermic acid and tournefolal were -7.61, -7.56, -8.22 and -7.81 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to -7.23 kcal/mol of native ligand). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity properties, medicinal chemistry profile, and physicochemical features were displayed that tournefolal contains good properties to work as a safe and good anti-adhesive drug. Therefore, the complexes of these four ligands with NadR protein were subjected to 100 ns of MD simulation.