Anthonyboje1482
The strength of evidences will be evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Review Manager V.5.3 software will be used for data analyses. Meta-analyses will be performed if the data are sufficiently homogeneous. The primary outcomes will be objective response rate and overall survival. The secondary outcomes will be adverse effects, health-related quality of life, changes of immune indicators and surrogate outcomes (disease control rate, progression-free survival and survival rate).
Ethics approval is not required, as this study will not involve patients. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication, to inform both clinical practice and further research.
CRD42019138660.
CRD42019138660.
To determine the association between cataract surgery and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a representative US sample.
Population-based, cross-sectional study.
The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008.
A total of 5401 participants aged ≥40 years had information in cataract surgery status and gradable retinal photographs for right eyes.
Cataract surgery status was obtained from questionnaire. Non-mydriatic fundus photographs were collected and AMD status was assessed. The associations between AMD and cataract surgery were evaluated in right eyes using logistic regression models.
Of 338 right eyes with any AMD, 107 right eyes (28.9%) had cataract surgery. After adjusting for multiple variables, there were significant associations between cataract surgery and any AMD (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81) or late AMD (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.01 to 6.09). No significant association was found between cataract surgery and early AMD after adjusting for multiple covariates (OR 1.20; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.59).
Our results suggest that cataract surgery is associated with the presence of AMD, particularly for late AMD. Longitudinal studies investigating the risk and progression of AMD after cataract surgery are needed in the era of phacoemulsification.
Our results suggest that cataract surgery is associated with the presence of AMD, particularly for late AMD. Longitudinal studies investigating the risk and progression of AMD after cataract surgery are needed in the era of phacoemulsification.A 1-week-old female infant presented with a transilluminating neck lump that increased in size with crying. The presumptive diagnosis was lymphatic malformation, but imaging raised the possibility of an abscess or necrotic tumour. A biopsy revealed a likely developmental cyst with local inflammatory change. Microlaryngoscopy revealed a fourth branchial pouch sinus, which was cauterised. The sinus and neck lump resolved without need for further treatment.A 40-year-old man presented with altered mental status after a recenthospitalisation for COVID-19 pneumonia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytosis concerning for viral infection. The CSF PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was negative, yet this could not exclude COVID-19 meningoencephalitis. During hospitalisation, the patient's mentation deteriorated further requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). BTK inhibitor order Brain imaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) were unremarkable. He was, thus, treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for 5 days with clinical improvement back to baseline. This case illustrates the importance of considering COVID-19's impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Haematogenous, retrograde axonal transport, and the effects of cytokine storm are the main implicated mechanisms of CNS entry of SARS-CoV-2. While guidelines remain unclear, IVIg may be of potential benefit in the treatment of COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis.We present an unusual case of spontaneous cervical haemorrhage secondary to extra-capsular bleeding from a parathyroid adenoma. Signs and symptoms on presentation included sore throat, dysphagia and anterior chest ecchymosis. While CT confirmed active cervical haemorrhage, elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone raised suspicion of possible parathyroid pathology. This case report and literature review highlight the diagnostic value of serum calcium in presentations of acute spontaneous neck haematoma. This should be considered especially in the acute phase, where imaging may not identify the source of haemorrhage. Initial observation and deferred surgery is the treatment of choice, with emergency operative management reserved for respiratory distress and worsening compressive symptoms.Oral myiasis is a rare disease, identified primarily in non-industrialised nations. It is caused fundamentally by the attack of larvae from Dipteran flies on the human tissues. Predisposing factors for oral myiasis are extraction wounds, destitute oral cleanliness, meagreness, mouth breathing amid rest, suppurative injuries, necrotic tissues, diabetes and perivascular infections primarily within the elderly, extreme halitosis, alcohol addiction, cerebral paralysis and components that favour prolonged mouth opening. Myiasis may have predilection to patients with mental challenges, cerebral palsy and hemiplegia due to unfortunate physical agility. The present case reports an oral myiasis in a 25-year-old woman who was mentally challenged. This condition was treated by topical application of turpentine oil with manual expulsion of hatchlings, taken after by surgical debridement and wide range antimicrobials.A 26-year-old Caucasian male patient with a history of cystic fibrosis presented with a 6-month history of diffuse joint pain and swelling. He was found to have active synovitis in bilateral wrists and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands on physical examination. He was diagnosed with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis since he had positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and erosions on hand and foot X-rays. The patient has responded well to abatacept which may have less infection risk compared with other biological therapies.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity with a significant loss of functional capacity and a huge socioeconomic burden. Road traffic accidents are the most common (60%) cause followed by falls and violence in India and worldwide. This case discusses the story of a 23-year-old man with severe TBI-subdural haematoma, who presented in a comatose state. The patient was a purported candidate for emergency decompressive surgery as per Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) guidelines but was managed conservatively. This case questions the plausibility of the BTF guidelines for severe TBI, particularly in rural hospitals in India and how such cases are often managed with clinical judgement based on the review of literature. The patient recovered well with a perfect 8/8 on Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended Score.
