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A further lipid phenotype investigation was also attempted by applying non-negative least squares (NNLS) to the lipid-like bases decomposed individually from three cell lines. Qualitative differences found in lipid weights for each lipid-like basis suggest the lipid phenotype differences in the three tested cancer cell lines. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the application of NMF and NNLS on RS data analysis to monitor ionizing radiation-induced cellular responses can yield multiplexed biological information on bio-response to RT not revealed by conventional chemometric approaches.Objectives Widowhood is a significant predictor of loneliness in older adults and research on the underlying mechanisms of this link using longitudinal data is limited. This study examined whether education would moderate the effect of widowhood on loneliness, and whether such a relationship would differ by gender among Chinese older adults.Method A total of 2,704 older adults from the 2008 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included. They were aged 65 years and above, were not lonely, and were married. Logistic regression models were applied to examine the interaction between widowhood, education, and gender on loneliness in the 2011 wave.Results Widowhood was a significant predictor of loneliness and could increase the odds of becoming lonely by 193%. The interaction between widowhood and education was significant only in older women, not in older men. Literate older women reported lower loneliness than did their illiterate counterparts when they remained married during the follow-up. However, when their spouse passed away, literate women did not differ from their illiterate counterparts in loneliness.Conclusion This study revealed a gendered pattern in the interaction between widowhood and education on loneliness and demonstrated the complexity of the mechanisms. selleckchem Furthermore, it highlighted the importance of considering the role of education and gender simultaneously in a Chinese context.New technologies, such as smartphones, have altered our behaviours and cultural structures more dramatically than televisions of our past. The array of today's electronic devices have pulled our eyes closer to the screens and our focus further into the boxes behind those screens. Screens may serve us; simultaneously, they are increasingly giving rise to health and social challenges that researchers are only beginning to understand. There is a growing dis-ease among parents and health care providers (HCPs) about how screens are affecting youth. As the push for increased screen time continues in both educational and workplace settings, HCPs are not only tasked with helping parents and youth cope, but they must find ways to manage the impact of increased personal and professional screen time on their own wellbeing. This article considers the impact of increased screen time on two groups youth and the HCPs supporting them. Furthermore, the authors explore the impact of screen use on clinical interactions, and patient care, suggesting a process for addressing screen use and provide specific tools including a reflective query for HCPs to better evaluate the impact of their own screen usage, 'the Coaching Stance' and TGROW, a questioning approach derived from coaching theory.BACKGROUND Medication overuse headache may be associated with widespread alterations along the thalamocortical pathway, a pathway involved in pain perception and disease progression. This study addressed whether brain metabolites in key regions of the thalamocortical pathway differed between chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache and without medication overuse headache. METHODS Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to map metabolites in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, mid cingulate cortices, posterior cingulate cortices, and the thalami. Sixteen patients with medication overuse headache were compared with 16 matched patients without medication overuse headache and 16 matched healthy controls. RESULTS Glutamate and glutamine in the right mid cingulate cortex and myo-inositol in the left anterior cingulate cortex were significantly higher in patients with medication overuse headache than patients without medication overuse headache, but similar to healthy controls. Both patient groups exhibited reduced N-acetyl-aspartate and creatine in the thalamus, reduced myo-inositol in the right anterior cingulate cortex, and elevated choline in the right mid cingulate cortex. Finally, a negative association between myo-inositol laterality index in the anterior cingulate cortices and number of days per month with acute medication use was found across all patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with medication overuse headache were characterized by a distinct concentration profile of myo-inositol, a glial marker, in the anterior cingulate cortices that may have arisen from medication overuse and could contribute to the development of medication overuse headache.SIGNIFICANCE It is of common sense that the world population is aging and life expectancy is increasing. However, as the population ages, there is also an exponential risk to live into the ages where the brain-related frailties and neurodegenerative diseases develop. Hand-in-hand with those events, the world is witnessing a major upsurge in diabetes diagnostics. Remarkably, all of this seems to be narrowly related and clinical and research communities highlight for the upcoming threat that it will represent for the present and future generations. Recent Advances It is of utmost importance to clarify the influence of diabetes-related metabolic features on brain health and the mechanisms underlying the increased likelihood to develop neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer´s disease. Thereupon, a wealth of evidence suggests that mitochondria and associated oxidative stress are at the root of the link between diabetes and co-occurring disorders in the brain. CRITICAL ISSUES The scientific community has been challenged with constant failures of clinical trials raising major issues in the advance of the therapeutic field to fight chronic diseases epidemics. Thus, a change of paradigms is urgently needed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It becomes urgent to identify new and solid candidates able to clinically reproduce the positive outcomes obtained in pre-clinical studies. On this basis, strategies settled to counteract diabetes-induced neurodegeneration encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction, redox status imbalance and/or insulin dysregulation seems worth to follow. Hopefully, ongoing innovative research based on reliable experimental tools will soon bring the desired answers allowing pharmaceutical industry to apply such knowledge to human medicine.