Ahmadvoss1915

Soil contamination by heavy metals is widespread. Heavy metals of concern include As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Hyperaccumulating plants are efficient in accumulating metals, which have potential to remediate metal-contaminated soils. Species of closely-related hyperaccumulating plants have been used to screen their ability in metal accumulation. However, there is limited evidence to show that closely-related plant species have similar ability in metal accumulation. Using a global database of 664 hyperaccumulating plants, we constructed a phylogeny of hyperaccumulating plants of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. We evaluated the phylogenetic randomness of plants hyperaccumulating different metals by comparing the minimum number of trait-state changes across the phylogenetic tree to a null model. Based on the D value, we evaluated whether closely-related plants tend to accumulate similar metals. Based on the Blomberg's K and Pagel's λ, we tested whether closely-related plants have similar ability in metal accumulation. Excluding Cd and Pb, closely-related plant species tend to accumulate similar metal, however, its ability cannot be predicted based on phylogenetic relations except Ni. Therefore, we concluded that focusing on species of closely-related hyperaccumulating plants can help to screen new hyperaccumulators although their ability could be different. Published by Elsevier Ltd.The rare earth element (REE) contamination of urban wastewater, which was collected from open sewers and the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant in Cotonou (Benin), was assessed. The drinking water distributed to the inhabitants of Cotonou and water samples from private wells were also analyzed. The sampling occurred between October and December 2016 and the samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Although the only magnetic resonance imaging facility in Cotonou opened in November 2016, pollution by anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd), which is included in phase contrast agents, was observed there was 30-620 times more Gd in wastewater samples than in drinking and well water samples. Europium was another REE presenting positive anomalies. It is hypothetized than the europium came from the leachates of solid waste piles in the street. In the absence of any wastewater treatment, the REEs found in the wastewater are spread to the aquatic environment. It would be interesting to monitor the wastewater REEs over the long term. So far, the aquifers used for water provision have not been polluted by the anthropogenic REEs. this website Sedimentary sterols and linear alkylbenzenes associated with allochthonous organic matter (AOM) inputs were studied in surface sediments along the Tubarão riverbed, South Brazil. These markers were analysed in terms of concentrations, diagnostic ratios and by using multivariate analyses to identify the main organic matter sources. It was necessary to integrate all these factors to distinguish the sources and determine sewage contamination. Phytosterols predominated over faecal sterols, but the contributions of livestock waste along the river (determined in 50% of the sites) were confirmed by the fingerprint analysis. Raw sewage contamination was verified at one site, according to the increased levels of sewage molecular markers and confirmed by the multivariate analyses and diagnostic ratios calibrated to this region. A possible synergistic effect between inorganic nanoparticles from coal mine waste and organic contaminants related to AOM input was suggested and should not be ignored since both activities severely contribute to the environmental changes in much of this fluvial-estuarine gradient from the South Atlantic. Iron (Fe) in soil is closely related to cadmium (Cd) uptake by rice plants, and soil pe + pH significantly influences Fe redox behavior. This study aimed to explore the influential mechanisms of varying pe + pH conditions on the transformation of iron oxides in the rhizosphere and the subsequent effect on Cd accumulation in rice plants. A two-month pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil pe + pH on the fractions of iron oxides and formation of iron plaque (IP), as well as the effect of these changes on Cd uptake by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). Different irrigation strategies, 70% water holding capacity (DY), continuous flooding (FL), and alternate flooding/drying weekly (AWD), were used to achieve various soil pe + pH levels. The results showed that low pe + pH conditions (under the FL and AWD treatments) were more beneficial to the transformation of crystalline iron oxides into amorphous forms in rhizosphere soil and the precipitation of IP on rice roots. The increase of amorphous iron oxides resulted in the reduction of Cd availability in rhizosphere soil by immobilizing more Cd on Fe oxides. Moreover, Cd adsorbed on rice root surfaces reacted with IP, inhibiting Cd soil-to-root transport. The two mechanisms combinatively functioned at decreasing Cd concentration in rice shoots by 14.1-33.1% at low pe + pH conditions compared to that of the high pe + pH (DY treatment). These results indicate that lowering soil pe + pH effectively reduced Cd accumulation in rice plants, probably through the immobilization of amorphous Fe oxides on Cd and sequestration of iron-plaque on Cd. Widespread environmental contamination from chlorpyrifos (CPF) is well acknowledged and has led to the proposal to ban or limit its use in agricultural and domestic, within the regulatory context of both America and Europe. Furthermore, great concerns arise as to whether exposure to CPF represents a potential risk to human health. In the present study, by subjecting the goldfish model to three environmentally realistic concentrations of CPF (1, 4, and 8 μg/L) for 96 h, we demonstrated that this pesticide has the potential to induce severe morphological, ultrastructural and functional alterations in gills, even at very low concentrations. The degree of pathological effects was dose-dependent, and the main morphological alterations recorded were regression of interlamellar cellular mass (ILCM), hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of epithelial cells, degeneration of both chloride cells and pillar cells. CPF exposure resulted in a decrease of Na+/K+-ATPase expression and the induction of iNOS, as revealed by immunohistochemical analysis.