Dahlgaardvaughn2048

Substance use disorders (SUDs) have been a priority public health concern for decades, with most recent conversations focusing on the opioid use disorder (OUD) epidemic. Children of parents with OUD have been impacted through poverty, violence, neglect, and emotional and physical abuse. Although treatment programs may address the family and parental role, few focus on the children. Without building resiliency in a child's mental and physical health, the far-reaching impact of the opioid epidemic will continue. The goal of the current literature review was to critique available intervention programs that focus on children of parents with SUD/OUD and provide recommendations for best practice. A literature search found six child-focused intervention programs dated in the 1990s and early 2000s and generalized to parents with SUDs. No intervention was found specific to children of parents with OUD. Nurses and other health professionals can use these findings to determine which evidence-based intervention is most appropriate for the needs of this specific population. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(3), 28-34.].The most widespread form of violence against women is domestic violence, which is associated with social and psychological consequences. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between violence and self-esteem and self-efficacy in 496 women referred to Jahrom Women's Clinic. Convenience sampling was performed and data were collected using the Violence Against Women Survey Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale. The prevalence of violence was 47.4%. Approximately 20.6% of the sample was subjected to physical violence and 44.2% was subjected to non-physical violence. In addition, 74.6% of women had a negative attitude toward violence, which resulted in a statistically significant relationship with their self-efficacy (p = 0.0001). Self-efficacy and self-esteem were decreased in women who reported violence (p = 0.0001). KRX-0401 cell line To reduce domestic violence, women's attitudes toward their rights need to be changed to increase their self-esteem and self-efficacy through planning, counseling, and educational classes. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].In the current study, a questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction levels and related factors upon discharge was completed by 100 patients receiving care for mental illness in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. The relationships among sociodemographic variables, nonpharmacological interventions, and participants' views about the treatment course and quality of care they received were investigated. Overall satisfaction levels of participants were good. Older participants reported more positive opinions. Involuntary hospitalization, use of restraints/seclusion, or electroconvulsive therapy did not change overall satisfaction. Participants who were hospitalized for the first time were more afraid of other patients, which may imply that this population needs special care from the treatment team. Spending an adequate amount of time and providing necessary information about their treatment plan impact patients' treatment experience positively. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].The current study aimed to explore predictors of depressive symptoms in Korean older adults who live alone using data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. Participants were 2,258 adults (females, n = 1,838 [81.4%]; males, n = 420 [18.6%]) aged ≥65 years (mean = 75.9, SD = 6.8 years). Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that perceived health status, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), social gatherings, interaction frequency with children living separately, income quintile, religion, and education were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. In particular, perceived health status, IADL, and interaction frequency with children living separately were the most powerful predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults living alone. The result of the current study was to verify the relationship between social activity and depression of older adults who live alone. This study suggests that contact with children and social gatherings may help prevent depression in older adults who live alone. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(2), 25-30.].The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe adolescent psychiatric emergencies precipitated by the 2020 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic. This study used a sample of adolescents admitted to a safety net psychiatric hospital in Los Angeles, California between March and May 2020. Medical records and involuntary psychiatric holds were reviewed to determine if the events precipitating the psychiatric crisis were related to the pandemic (eligible N = 14). COVID-19-precipitated admissions were 24% of total admissions from March 15 to May 31, 2020; however, total admissions during this time period were reduced from the same time period in prior years. Most hospitalizations were precipitated by shelter-in-place stressors for adolescents with a psychiatric history, but for 28.6% of the sample, this was their first mental health encounter. The COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding shelter-in-place orders may precipitate psychiatric emergencies among adolescents with and without existing mental health disorders. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].In bacteria, DNA methylation can be facilitated by 'orphan' DNA methyltransferases lacking cognate restriction endonucleases, but whether and how these enzymes control key cellular processes are poorly understood. The effects of a specific modification, 4-methylcytosine (4mC), are even less clear, as this epigenetic marker is unique to bacteria and archaea, whereas the bulk of epigenetic research is currently performed on eukaryotes. Here, we characterize a 4mC methyltransferase from the understudied pathogen Leptospira spp. Inactivating this enzyme resulted in complete abrogation of CTAG motif methylation, leading to genome-wide dysregulation of gene expression. Mutants exhibited growth defects, decreased adhesion to host cells, higher susceptibility to LPS-targeting antibiotics, and, importantly, were no longer virulent in an acute infection model. Further investigation resulted in the discovery of at least one gene, that of an ECF sigma factor, whose transcription was altered in the methylase mutant and, subsequently, by mutation of the CTAG motifs in the promoter of the gene.