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6%, and proper waste disposal 7%. The difference was significant (

< 0.05).

The chances of occupational hazards are more common in dentists. The prevalence was higher among dentists with less than 5 years of experience.

Knowledge and awareness about occupational hazards can help prevent complications due to occupational hazards in dental practice.

Knowledge and awareness about occupational hazards can help prevent complications due to occupational hazards in dental practice.

The aim of the study was to compare three different techniques using scalpel, electrosurgery, and laser for gingival depigmentation in terms of pain, discomfort, duration of procedure, wound healing, and repigmentation.

Thirty patients in the age range of 24-38 years were briefed about the surgical procedure and an informed consent was obtained and they were randomly allocated into three groups of 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females) each those undergoing depigmentation with scalpel (group I), electrosurgery (group II), and diode lasers (Biolase) (group III). Individuals of all three groups were asked to describe the level of pain and discomfort by using the visual analog scale (VAS) 2 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week postoperatively. Further, the groups were compared based on duration of procedure, wound healing, and repigmentation at the end of 14 months.

All the groups showed a decrease in the pain levels, which was statistically highly significant 1 week postoperatively when compared 24 hours postoperangival depigmentation.

Laser is an effective and fast tool that causes less pain, discomfort, faster healing, and delayed repigmentation compared with scalpel or electrosurgery for gingival depigmentation.

Assessment of dental caries, periodontitis, and personality trait among population of Dehradun.

This survey was conducted on 480 subjects age ranged 34-45 years of both genders (males-250, females-230). Decayed Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, periodontal status, and personality trait were recorded.

Age group 34-39 years is comprised of 130 males and 140 females and 40-45 years had 120 males and 90 females. Maximum males (120) were laborer and females were housewife (160). Commonly used method of oral hygiene practice was tooth powder by 80 males and 103 females. Maximum subjects of extroversion (180) was seen in age group 40-45 years, maximum females (110) were housewife with extroversion trait, maximum extroversion trait subjects were using tooth powder (113) and datum (100). Mean DMFT score in subjects was 2.52 and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) score was 3.41. There were 310 extroversion subjects, 120 neuroticism subjects, and 50 combinations of both extroversion and neurot impact on status of dental caries and periodontitis. By assessing various psychological factors, the occurrence of both can be avoided. Thus by improving oral health, overall health of an individual can be improved.

The present study evaluated the effects of erbium, chromiumyttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,CrYSGG) laser on the weight percentage of mineral content of enamel when etched at three different power settings.

Total 20 extracted molar teeth were taken as samples. Enamel slabs were prepared by sectioning the crown from the buccal and lingual aspect with a double-sided diamond disk at slow speed. The 40 specimens were divided into four groups, i.e., control, 1 W, 2 W, and 3 W of 10 specimens each and then irradiation by Er,CrYSGG was done. The elements evaluated were calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and phosphorus (P). The mean weights of these minerals and the CaP ratio in each slab were measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDAX). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Turkey's test was performed with the help of critical difference (CD) or least significant difference (LSD) at 5 and 1% level of significance.

There was no significant differences among the four groups for the five minerals and for the calciumphosphorous ratio (

> 0.05). this website Photomicrographs by scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the surfaces exposed to a 3 watt irradiation showed more roughness than those of the 1 watt and 2 watt groups.

The Er,CrYSGG irradiation of enamel at 1 W, 2 W, and 3 W had no significant effect on the mean percentage weights of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P or the Ca/P ratio in any group.

Constriction with conviction is the new motto of restorative dentistry. Er,CrYSGG not only fulfills the aim but also is proving to alter the surface properties by recrystallization and change in composition making the prepared surface caries resistant.

Constriction with conviction is the new motto of restorative dentistry. Er,CrYSGG not only fulfills the aim but also is proving to alter the surface properties by recrystallization and change in composition making the prepared surface caries resistant.

To compare the efficacy of 2% lignocaine and 4% articaine in the extraction of mandibular molars.

This study was conducted on 120 patients requiring surgical removal of tooth. Patients were categorized into 2 groups with 60 samples each. Group I patients were administered 2% lignocaine with 150,000 epinephrine and group II patients were administered 4% articaine with 1100,000 epinephrine for the extraction of mandibular molar. Inferior alveolar nerve, lingual, and buccal nerve block used in both groups to anesthetize the area.

The mean onset of action in group I was 85.2 seconds and in group II was 52.6 seconds, duration of anesthesia in group I was 170.2 minutes and in group II was 226.8 minutes, duration of procedure was 30.4 minutes in group I and 32.6 minutes in group II, pain during procedure in group I was 2.75 and in group II was 1.42, pain after procedure was 1.41 in group I and 0.82 in group II, pain during anesthesia insertion was 1.52 in group I and 1.04 in group II. Forty-six (76.7%) patients in group I and 52 (86.7%) patients in group II did not require re-anesthesia, while 12 (20%) in group I and 8 (13.3%) in group II required 1 time re-anesthesia and 2 (3.3%) patients required 2 times re-anesthesia in group I.

Articaine can be effectively used in oral surgical procedures as there is early onset of action, longer duration of anesthesia, and less need of re-anesthesia.

Articaine is more effective compared to lignocaine, hence it can be recommended alternatively for tooth extraction and other oral surgical procedures.

Articaine is more effective compared to lignocaine, hence it can be recommended alternatively for tooth extraction and other oral surgical procedures.