Friskchang0300

'Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex' (PEVAC) is a perifoveal, unilateral, isolated, perifoveal aneurysm, in otherwise healthy patients. Here, we report a case of PEVAC in a highly myopic eye of a 86-year-old woman affected by a visual decline in the right eye (best-corrected visual acuity of 20/100). She had no other relevant past conditions and/or ocular impairment. Fundus examination in the right eye showed myopic chorioretinal degeneration with a concomitant PEVAC. Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a round lesion with a hyperreflective wall associated with intraretinal cystic spaces. OCT-angiography nicely disclosed an isolated large aneurysmal retinal dilation featuring the PEVAC with detectable flow in superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, and avascular slab. Poly(vinyl alcohol) This case highlights the importance of discerning between different vascular disorders of the macula, in order to be able to offer the right treatment and/or follow-up to the patient.Teaching Point Carcinoid tumors can release hormones responsible of cardiac valves fibrosis known as carcinoid heart disease.Teaching point Ovarian teratoma rupture can manifest clinically as an acute or chronic syndrome, associated with specific imaging features, both characterized by intra-abdominal fatty fluid.Teaching point The Kiloh-Nevin Syndrome is a rare entrapment syndrome of the median nerve, with a distinct muscle edema pattern of the forearm.Teaching point Giant mucocele is a rare expansile lesion that may mimic other locally aggressive lesions of the cranial vault. Giant frontal mucoceles with massive osteolytic destruction mimicking an aggressive lesion are rare compared to smaller mucoceles. This article reports a giant mucocele of the frontal sinus and reviews the literature. Important imaging clues pointing toward the diagnosis of a mucocele on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are a well-defined expansile mass, an intimate relationship with the frontal sinus, subtle peripheral rim enhancement, and slow progression on serial imaging. The density on CT and signal on MRI may vary along with the lesion content. The potential role of diffusion-weighted imaging should be elaborated in future reports.Teaching point Narrowing and occlusion of the distal carotids in Moyamoya causes a change in blood flow dynamics, increasing the risk for intracranial aneurysm formation.

To compare the patency control of dysfunctioning forearm arteriovenous graft (AVG) using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with loop versus straight grafts.

Between January 2012 and March 2017, hemodialysis patients with forearm AVG were treated with PTA at two hospitals. We reviewed technical and clinical success rates of each procedure. Procedure time and patency of the graft were compared for all patients as well as for subgroups of stenosis only and thrombosis using paired-sample t-test and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Sixty-six patients (mean age, 62.11 ± 11.85 years) underwent PTA. Thirty-eight patients (58%) had loop grafts and 28 (42%) had straight grafts. Among 66 patients, 54 (82%) had thrombosis. Technical success rate was 95.5% (only stenosis 100%; thrombosis 94%) and the mean procedure time was 48.00 ± 16.75 minutes in all patients. Although there was a tendency towards shorter procedure time in patients with loop grafts (45.24 ± 20.24 minutes) than those with straight grafts (51.85 ± 22.76 minutes), the difference was not statistically significant (

), with or without thrombi. There was no statistical significance in primary and assisted primary patency (log rank 0.78,

in primary patency; log rank 0.88,

in assisted primary patency).

Our study suggests there is no different patency outcome between straight and loop arteriovenous grafts after PTA.

Our study suggests there is no different patency outcome between straight and loop arteriovenous grafts after PTA.In our recent article (Schmidt, Liefooghe, & De Houwer, 2020, this volume), we presented an adaptation of the Parallel Episodic Processing (PEP) model for simulating instruction following and task-switching behaviour. In this paper, we respond to five commentaries on our article Monsell & McLaren (2020), Koch & Lavric (2020), Meiran (2020), Longman (2020), and Pfeuffer (2020). The commentaries discuss potential future modelling goals, deeper reflections on cognitive control, and some potential challenges for our theoretical perspective and associated model. We focus primarily on the latter. In particular, we clarify that we (a) acknowledge the role of cognitive control in task switching, and (b) are arguing that certain task-switching effects do not serve as a good measure of said cognitive control. We also discuss some ambiguities in terminological uses (e.g., the meaning of "task-set reconfiguration"), along with some future experimental and modelling research directions.Invited commentary on Schmidt, Liefooghe, and De Houwer (2020) An episodic model of task switching effects erasing the homunculus from memory. Journal of Cognition.Schmidt et al.'s (2020) PEP model accurately reflects the complexity of task switching based on bottom-up assumptions and episodic memory, re-evaluating the contribution of commonly presumed top-down processes. Extending it to long-term bindings and their item-specific effects could eludicate puzzling findings regarding the independence of long-term bindings between stimuli, responses, and task-specific categorizations as well as the relation between short-term and long-term bindings. Moreover, ideomotor theories of action control provide a bottom-up basis of incorporating volition and intentional action into the PEP model which is currently restricted to stimulus-based action.Schmidt, Liefooghe and De Houwer's (2020) PEP model is able to explain many empirical effects commonly reported in task switching experiments without invoking an executive control homunculus. However, their claim that they have erased the homunculus from memory may be a little premature. Although they have gone a long way in dissolving, deconstructing and fractionating the executive, there remain several empirical effects that are difficult to explain under PEP, some of which they openly discuss. In the present commentary, I have described some findings from my own research on spatial attention in task switching using eye-tracking that I think PEP would also struggle to model, but which can easily be explained by active control processes. I conclude that PEP still has some way to go before the homunculus can be altogether erased from memory.