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Isolated cerebral mucormycosis is a clinical type of mucormycosis that is estimated to account for 8% of all mucormycosis cases. The clinical symptoms of isolated cerebral mucormycosis are elusive, and thus conventional techniques often lake sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, cultures are often negative, even when direct microscopy examination is positive. Although histopathology will probably remain the gold standard for the diagnosis of mucormycosis, obtaining a biopsy specimen is not always feasible in most vulnerable populations. Thus, molecular approaches are currently used as an advantageous assistant examination method to improve the early identification of the causative agent and subsequently guide therapy to improve the prognosis of patients. Here, we report a case of isolated cerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microspores in a healthy young adult that was identified using next-generation sequencing technology. Selleckchem LY333531 Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Zhu, Kong, Huang, Guo, Wang, Zou and Xie.Purpose Parkinson's disease (PD) patients frequently present with sleep disorders. This study was designed to assess the impact of nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) on sleep quality in early-stage PD patients with and without cognitive dysfunction. Materials and Methods A sample of 389 early-stage PD patients (modified Hoehn and Yahr score ≤ 2.5, duration ≤ 5 years) was recruited for the present study. The Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMS-Quest) was used to screen for global NMSs. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). PD motor symptoms were measured with the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), part III. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate global cognitive status, and the PD Sleep Scale (PDSS) was used to quantify sleep quality. Polysomnography (PSG) was used for objective assessment of sleep. Results In our sample, approximately one-quarter of the PD patients suffered from sleep disturbances (23.7%). Our results also confirmed the high prev 2020 Zhu, Zhong, Yan, Jiang, Wu, Pan, Shen, Zhang, Dong and Zhang.Our awareness of time, specifically of longer intervals spanning hours, days, months, and years, is critical for ensuring our sense of self-continuity. Disrupted time awareness over such intervals is a clinical feature in a number of frontotemporal dementia syndromes and Alzheimer's disease, but has not been studied and compared systematically in these diseases. We used a semi-structured caregiver survey to capture time-related behavioral alterations in 71 patients representing all major sporadic and genetic syndromes of frontotemporal dementia, in comparison to 28 patients with typical Alzheimer's disease and nine with logopenic aphasia, and 32 healthy older individuals. Survey items pertained to apparent difficulties ordering past personal events or estimating time intervals between events, temporal rigidity and clockwatching, and propensity to relive past events. We used a logistic regression model including diagnosis, age, gender, and disease severity as regressors to compare the proportions of individualification of frontotemporal dementia syndromes from Alzheimer's disease. This is the first study to assess symptoms of altered temporal awareness across frontotemporal dementia syndromes and provides a motivation for future work directed to the development of validated clinical questionnaires, analysis of underlying neurobiological mechanisms and design of interventions. Copyright © 2020 Requena-Komuro, Marshall, Bond, Russell, Greaves, Moore, Agustus, Benhamou, Sivasathiaseelan, Hardy, Rohrer and Warren.Hearing loss not only has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and society, but its correlation with cognitive decline in an aging population will also increase the risk of incident dementia. While current management of hearing loss is focused on hearing rehabilitation (and essentially symptomatic), patients are suffering from the burden of progressive hearing loss before hearing aids or cochlear implants are fitted. Although these devices have a significant effect on speech understanding, they do not always lead to normal speech understanding, especially in noisy environments. A significant number of patients suffer from autosomal dominantly inherited disorders that can produce progressive sensorineural hearing loss. This includes DFNA9, a disorder caused by pathologic variants in the COCH gene that leads to post-lingual profound sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral vestibulopathy. Carriers of a pathogenic variant leading to DFNA9 can be diagnosed at the pre-symptomatic or early symptomatic stage which creates a window of opportunity for treatment. Preventing hearing loss from occurring or stabilizing progression would provide the opportunity to avoid hearing aids or cochlear implants and would be able to reduce the increased incidence of dementia. While innovative therapies for restoration of hearing have been studied for restoration of hearing in case of severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss and congenital hearing loss, further research is needed to study how we can modify disease progression in late-onset autosomal dominant hereditary sensorineural hearing loss. Recently, gene editing strategies have been explored in autosomal dominant disorders to disrupt dominant mutations selectively without affecting wild-type alleles. Copyright © 2020 Van Rompaey.Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common primary systemic vasculitis predominantly affecting large and medium sized vessels. In rare cases, the vasculitis can affect the vessels of the brain. Results We describe four cases of GCA with involvement of the cerebral vessels causing stroke. These cases were unresponsive to aggressive immunosuppression and we opted to treat with endovascular balloon dilatation of the stenotic areas. The procedure was safe. The four patients were treated in nine sessions and a total of 16 vessels were treated. We observed two dissections with no clinical influence on the patients. Discussion In patients with stroke due to progressive GCA that is non-responsive to immunosuppression, endovascular therapy is feasible. Copyright © 2020 Simonsen, Speiser, Hansen, Jayne and von Weitzel-Mudersbach.