Beachdavidson8774

Aim To identify the experiences related to adaptation for people living with HIV in Greece and to explore different adaptation stages as well as their individual reactions. Background Receiving an HIV positive diagnosis leads to major changes in an individual's life and it can trigger an array of emotions including fear, despair and loss of control. As the profile of the disease has changed due to its transition into a chronic disease and extended life expectancy, adaptation to life and coping with uncertain events is of paramount importance. Method Interpretative phenomenological research design was used to guide data collection and analysis. A purposive sampling technique was used. Ethical procedures were taken into account and nine individuals who were diagnosed with HIV took part in the study using semi-structured interviews. Results Data analysis revealed the different stages of adaptation that the participants experienced after an HIV positive diagnosis. A superordinate theme identified as 'a journey towards acceptance' while five subthemes were formed, namely, 'Communicating the bad news, Conscious loneliness, Getting information, Receiving Support, and Moving on with hope'. Conclusion An HIV positive diagnosis can affect the very core of the individual as the essence of -self- is targeted and in need of reform. Education, empathy, family and social support can help the individual make small steps towards a greater journey, that of acceptance.Aim To validate the psychometrics of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model (HIIFRM) and identify the prevalence of intrinsic fall risk factors in a diverse, multisite population. this website Background Injurious inpatient falls are common events, and hospitals have implemented programs to achieve "zero" inpatient falls. Methods Retrospective analysis of patient data from electronic health records at nine hospitals that are part of Ascension. Participants were adult inpatients (N = 214,358) consecutively admitted to the study hospitals from January 2016 through December 2018. Fall risk was assessed using the HIIFRM on admission and one time or more per nursing shift. Results Overall fall rate was 0.29%. At the standard threshold of HIIFRM score ≥ 5, 492 falls and 76,800 non-falls were identified (fall rate 0.36%; HIIFRM specificity 64.07%, sensitivity 78.72%). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.765 (standard error 0.008; 95% confidence interval 0.748, 0.781; p less then 0.001), indicating moderate accuracy of the HIIFRM to predict falls. At a lower cut-off score of ≥4, an additional 74 falls could have been identified, with an improvement in sensitivity (90.56%) and reduction in specificity (44.43%). Conclusion Analysis of this very large inpatient sample confirmed the strong psychometric characteristics of the HIIFRM. The study also identified a large number of inpatients with multiple fall risk factors (n = 77,292), which are typically not actively managed during hospitalization, leaving patients at risk in the hospital and after discharge. This finding represents an opportunity to reduce injurious falls through the active management of modifiable risk factors.Preclinical, clinical, and population research demonstrates that stress and early life adversity (ELA) increase vulnerability to initiate, maintain, and relapse in addiction. Individuals with addiction problems have higher prevalence of trauma exposure than nondrug users; and this association extends to young populations (e.g., adolescents). Mechanisms for these associations likely involve multiple systems, including changes in the mesolimbic reward functions, HPA axis stress response, and other stress- and reward-related pathways. Other brain morphological and functional changes are also likely involved and directly contribute to the neurohormonal and behavioral alterations observed during adulthood in those exposed to ELA. Stress-related risk is influenced by sex, genetic factors, and resilience, among other factors. Our heuristic model proposes that long-term effects of stress and ELA on the brain contribute to dysregulation of the stress response, emotional reactivity, reward systems, cognitive dysregulation, and delay discounting that lead to impulsive and high-risk behaviors, such as drug use and relapse.Chronic stress exposure has been established as a key vulnerability factor for developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. A structural, or systems level perspective, has often been lacking in conceptualizations of chronic stress for psychotic disorders. The current review thus identified three subtypes of structural exposures. Stimulation exposures included urban environments, population density and crime exposure, with intermediary mechanisms of lack of safety and high attentional demands. Underlying neural mechanisms included threat neural circuits. Discrepancy exposures included environmental ethnic density, income inequality, and social fragmentation, with intermediary mechanisms of lack of belonging and social exclusion, and neural mechanisms including the oxytocin system. Deprivation exposures included environments lacking socioeconomic, educational, or material resources, with intermediary mechanisms of lack of needed environmental enrichment, and underlying neural mechanisms of over-pruning and protracted PFC development. Delineating stressor etiology at the systems level is a necessary step in reducing barriers to effective interventions and health policy.Social prescribing allows health professionals to refer at risk patients toward health and wellbeing interventions and activities in the local community. It is a key part of NHS (National Health Service) England health care policy, and schemes based on the social prescribing model have been developed in countries including Canada, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Singapore. In this chapter, we consider the role that social prescribing can play in reducing stress related problems and supporting and encouraging self-care and self-management of conditions for which conventional medicine may not be the only or the best option. Drawing on primary and secondary data sources, we examine the scope of social prescribing and professional and service users' perspectives concerning its strengths and limitations. Our findings suggest that link worker meetings within social prescribing schemes can motivate people to pursue activities with mental, physical and social benefits such as exercise, artistic pursuits and gardening.