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Our research reveals that DNA2 is a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer from multiple perspectives and gives a new clue for further preclinical and clinical investigation.We investigated whether the personality of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) before subthalamic brain stimulation differed from patients receiving drug treatments and whether the personality of patients affected surgical decisions. We recruited 38 patients with advanced PD scheduled for deep brain stimulation (DBS), 40 patients with PD receiving the very best medical treatment, and 51 healthy control subjects. All participants were evaluated by the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-1 (MMPI-1). PD patients who were candidates for DBS did not exhibit any significant differences in personality when compared with PD patients who were treated with drugs. Compared with healthy controls, patients with PD had remarkably higher MMPI-1 scores for spiritual quality, neuroticism, and introversion, but significantly lower scores for socialization. In addition, patients with PD were more submissive, more dependent on others, and less active in social activities. Our data indicated that the main deciding factor relating to whether to undergo DBS was the disease itself and not the pathological personality. However, neurotic and psychotic symptoms accompanying PD may influence the effect of DBS. We found that greater benefit is obtained by surgical or medical interventions if abnormal neurotic characteristics are considered early in the course of PD.The phase stability of a 140GHz, 1kW pulsed gyro-amplifier system and the phase dependence on the cathode voltage were experimentally measured. To optimize the measurement precision, the amplifier was operated at 47 kV and 1 A, where the output power was ∼ 30W. The phase was determined to be stable both pulse-to-pulse and during each pulse, so far as the cathode voltage and electron beam current are constant. The phase variation with voltage was measured and found to be 130±30°/kV, in excellent agreement with simulations. The electron gun used in this device is non-adiabatic, resulting in a steep slope of the beam pitch factor with respect to cathode voltage. BAI1 This was discovered to be the dominant factor in the phase dependence on voltage. The use of an adiabatic electron gun is predicted to yield a significantly smaller phase sensitivity to voltage, and thus a more phase-stable performance. To our knowledge, these are the first phase measurements reported for a gyro-amplifier operating at a frequency above W-band.In anticancer therapy, the effectiveness of therapeutics is limited by mutations causing drug resistance. KRAS mutations are the only determinant for cetuximab resistance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, cetuximab treatment has not been fully successful in the majority of patients with wild-type (WT) KRAS. Therefore, it is important to determine new predictive mutations in CRC treatment. In the present study, the association between AKT1/β-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations with the drug resistance to cetuximab and other chemotherapeutics used in the CRC treatment was investigated by using site-directed mutagenesis, transfection, western blotting and cell proliferation inhibition assay. Cetuximab resistance was higher in the presence of AKT1 E17K, E49K and L52R mutations, as well as CTNNB1 T41A, S45F and S33P mutations compared with that of respective WT proteins. AKT1/CTNNB1 mutations were also associated with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, SN-38 and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Furthermore, mutant cell viability in oxaliplatin treatment was more effectively inhibited compared with that of the other chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, AKT1/CTNNB1 mutations may be used as an important predictive biomarker in CRC treatment.Melanoma is a type of highly invasive skin cancer derived from melanocytes with poor prognosis. Vemurafenib (PLX4032) is a clinically approved targeted therapeutic for BRAF mutant melanoma that has a high therapeutic response rate and significantly prolongs the overall survival time of patients with melanoma. Antioxidants have been widely used as supplements for cancer prevention and for decreasing the side effects of cancer therapy. However, antioxidants can also protect cancer cells from oxidative stress and promote cancer growth and progression. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the antioxidants coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and β-carotene on melanoma cell growth and invasiveness and on the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib against both vemurafenib-sensitive (SK-MEL-28) and vemurafenib-resistant (A2058) human malignant melanoma cell lines. MTS assay and wound-healing assay demonstrated that CoQ10 alone significantly reduced the viability and migration of melanoma cells, respectively, and synergistically worked with vemurafenib to decrease the viability and migration of human melanoma cells. In contrast, MTS assay and flow cytometry revealed that β-carotene alone did not affect the viability and apoptosis induction of melanoma cells; however, it inhibited cell migration and invasiveness. Wound-healing and Transwell assay demonstrated that β-carotene alleviated the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib and mitigated the inhibitory effect of vemurafenib on cell migration and invasion. Both CoQ10 and β-carotene protected melanoma cells from undergoing apoptosis induced by vemurafenib. Immunoblotting demonstrated that β-carotene at physiological concentration worked synergistically with vemurafenib to suppress the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk intracellular signaling pathway. The present study aimed to add to the evidence of the in vitro effects of CoQ10 and β-carotene on the antimelanoma effects of vemurafenib.Carbon dioxide (CO2) treatment is reported to have an antitumor effect owing to the improvement in intratumoral hypoxia. Previous studies were based on histological analysis alone. In the present study, the improvement in intratumoral hypoxia by percutaneous CO2 treatment in vivo was determined using 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FMISO PET-CT) images. Twelve Japanese nude mice underwent implantation of LM8 tumor cells in the dorsal subcutaneous area 2 weeks before percutaneous CO2 treatment and 18F-FMISO PET-CT scans. Immediately after intravenous injection of 18F-FMISO, CO2 and room air were administered transcutaneously in the CO2-treated group (n=6) and a control group (n=6), respectively; each treatment was performed for 10 minutes. PET-CT was performed 2 h after administration of 18F-FMISO. 18F-FMISO tumor uptake was quantitatively evaluated using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR), tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG).