Stuartmead8230

The current article summarizes recent changes in nomenclature for fungi of medical importance published in the years 2018 to 2019, including new species and revised names for existing ones. Many of the revised names have been widely adopted without further discussion. However, those that concern common pathogens of humans may take longer to achieve general usage, with new and current names reported together to engender increasing familiarity with the correct taxonomic classification.

To replicate and analyse the information available to UK policymakers when the lockdown decision was taken in March 2020 in the United Kingdom.

Independent calculations using the CovidSim code, which implements Imperial College London's individual based model, with data available in March 2020 applied to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) epidemic.

Simulations considering the spread of covid-19 in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

About 70 million simulated people matched as closely as possible to actual UK demographics, geography, and social behaviours.

Replication of summary data on the covid-19 epidemic reported to the UK government Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), and a detailed study of unpublished results, especially the effect of school closures.

The CovidSim model would have produced a good forecast of the subsequent data if initialised with a reproduction number of about 3.5 for covid-19. The model predicted that school closures and isolation of younger people woul response to covid-19 a broad lockdown, as opposed to a focus on shielding the most vulnerable members of society, would reduce immediate demand for ICU beds at the cost of more deaths long term. The optimal strategy for saving lives in a covid-19 epidemic is different from that anticipated for an influenza epidemic with a different mortality age profile.

To compare the clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of germline mutation carriers in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and noncarriers with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Germline DNA from 3,078 patients with PDAC enrolled in a prospective registry at Mayo Clinic between 2000 and 2017 was analyzed for mutations in 37 cancer predisposition genes. Characteristics and OS of patients with mutations in eight genes

and

involved in HRR were compared with patients testing negative for mutations in all 37 genes.

The 175 HRR mutation carriers and 2,730 noncarriers in the study had a median duration of follow-up of 9.9 years. HRR mutation carriers were younger (median age at diagnosis 63 vs. 66 years,

< 0.001) and more likely to have metastatic disease at diagnosis (46% vs. 36%,

= 0.004). In a multivariable model adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor staging, patients with germline HRR mutations had a significantly longer OS compared with noncarriers [HR, 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-0.97;

= 0.02]. Further gene-level analysis demonstrated that germline

mutation carriers had longer OS compared with patients without germline mutations in any of the 37 genes (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94;

= 0.01).

This study demonstrates that germline mutation carrier status in PDAC is associated with longer OS compared with noncarriers. Deutivacaftor cell line Further research into tumor biology and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in germline mutation carriers with PDAC are needed to better understand the association with longer OS.

This study demonstrates that germline mutation carrier status in PDAC is associated with longer OS compared with noncarriers. Further research into tumor biology and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in germline mutation carriers with PDAC are needed to better understand the association with longer OS.

Multisite stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab (SBRT+P) has demonstrated safety in advanced solid tumors (ASTs). However, no studies have examined the relationships between irradiated tumor response, SBRT-induced tumor gene expression, and overall survival (OS).

Patients with AST received SBRT (30-50 Gy in 3-5 fractions) to two to four metastases followed by pembrolizumab (200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks). SBRT was prescribed to a maximum tumor volume of 65 mL. Small metastases received the complete prescribed coverage (complete-Rx), while larger metastases received partial coverage (partial-Rx). Treated metastasis control (TMC) was defined as a lack of progression for an irradiated metastasis. Landmark analysis was used to assess the relationship between TMC and OS. Thirty-five biopsies were obtained from 24 patients 19 pre-SBRT and 16 post-SBRT (11 matched) prior to pembrolizumab and were analyzed via RNA microarray.

Sixty-eight patients (139 metastases) were enrolled with a median follow-up of 10.4 months. One-year TMC was 89.5% with no difference between complete-Rx or partial-Rx. On multivariable analysis, TMC was independently associated with a reduced risk for death (HR, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.75;

= 0.006). SBRT increased expression of innate and adaptive immune genes and concomitantly decreased expression of cell cycle and DNA repair genes in the irradiated tumors. Elevated post-SBRT expression of

correlated with increased expression of cytolytic T-cell genes and irradiated tumor response.

In the context of SBRT+P, TMC independently correlates with OS. SBRT impacts intratumoral immune gene expression associated with TMC. Randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.

In the context of SBRT+P, TMC independently correlates with OS. SBRT impacts intratumoral immune gene expression associated with TMC. Randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.

Heterogeneity in glioblastomas is associated with poorer outcomes, and physiologic heterogeneity can be quantified with noninvasive imaging. We developed spatial habitats based on multiparametric physiologic MRI and evaluated associations between temporal changes in these habitats and progression-free survival (PFS) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with glioblastoma.

Ninety-seven patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma were enrolled and two serial MRI examinations after CCRT were analyzed. Cerebral blood volumes and apparent diffusion coefficients were grouped using k-means clustering into three spatial habitats. Associations between temporal changes in spatial habitats and PFS were investigated using Cox proportional hazard modeling. The performance of significant predictors for PFS and overall survival (OS) was measured using a discrete increase of habitat (habitat risk score) in a temporal validation set from a prospective registry (

= 53, ClinicalTrials.