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BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) leads to thousands of deaths every year in Taiwan. Nearly 40% of OSCC patients are diagnosed with stage IV disease, which has a poor prognosis. Multimodality treatments including surgery and adjuvant therapy have been utilized, but their treatment outcomes are generally poor. In this study, we sought to identify possible clinical impact factors that may contribute to the survival of stage IV OSCC. METHODS Data for patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity registered in the Cancer Registry Database of Taipei Veterans General Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were retrieved. selleck The study patients consisted of OSCC patients with clinical stage IV disease who had undergone a surgery and adjuvant therapy. The primary endpoints were the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were also stratified and compared. RESULTS A total of 191 OSCC patients were included for retrospective anaease monitoring timetables based upon different characteristics.BACKGROUND Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) may be the initial and solitary sign of infectious condition in neonates. This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the risk of sepsis or urinary tract infection in well-appearing infants with NH below 7 days old. METHODS All neonates (n = 8,779) born in Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 2,523 initially well-appearing babies were admitted because of NH. After being hospitalized, patients were categorized into two groups according to the initial transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) level. Infectious screening results, which include C-reactive protein (CRP), differential count, blood culture, urinalysis, and urine culture, were analyzed. RESULTS Regarding CRP, 2.7% (18/667) of neonates with NH had elevated CRP (≥1 mg/dL). Among 547 blood cultures, eight were positive, with 0.4% (2/547) non-coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) bacteremia and 1.1% (6/547) CoNS bacteremia. In urinalysis, 16.6% (182/1,094) of NH neonates had pyuria, and 6.7% (25/372) had positive urine cultures. NH with a higher initial TCB level was related to an increased chance of elevated CRP (4.7% vs. 1.5%, odds ratio 3.29, p = 0.024) and pyuria (20.6% vs. 12.6%, odds ratio 1.79, p 2 days) (4.9% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.035). CONCLUSION In well-appearing neonates below 7 days old, NH with a higher initial TCB is associated with an increased rate in pyuria and abnormal CRP. No difference was found in the rate of positive urine culture between higher and lower TCB levels. Significant bacteriuria was more common in older NH neonates. Septicemia is rare among well-appearing neonates with NH.BACKGROUND The influenza virus is a highly infectious disease, with a notably rapid transmission rate. Autophagy is triggered by viral infection and is a survival mechanism exerted to maintain cellular homeostasis. Catechin is a representative phenolic acid which exerts anti-inflammatory responses against influenza A virus infection. The aim of this study is to explore the anti-H1N1 influenza virus effects by catechin associated with the restoration of autophagy. METHODS XTT assay was used to detect cellular viability. The inhibitory effects on the H1N1 influenza virus were assessed by hemagglutination assay, neuraminidase activity, and qRT-PCR. The protein levels of H1N1 influenza virulence and autophagic markers were detected by Western blot. RESULTS We herein demonstrated that catechin had no cytotoxic effect on both infected and non-infected A549 cells, and exerted protective effects on infected A549 cells. The results of the hemagglutination assay, neuraminidase activity, and qRT-PCR to examine viral load demonstrated that catechin effectively inhibited the replication of the H1N1 influenza virus. The virulent M2 protein and viral nucleoprotein were also inhibited after treatment with catechin. As for the autophagic markers, the LC3B protein was notably decreased by catechin in a dose-dependent manner; while the amount of autophagic vacuoles in H1N1 influenza virus-infected cells also decreased after catechin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Collectively, the autophagy activated by the H1N1 influenza virus could be reversed after catechin treatment. This study indicates that catechin effectively inhibits H1N1 viral proliferation, and thus may be applied as an adjuvant in future clinical application.BACKGROUND In vitro studies have confirmed that cardiac glycosides can induce apoptosis in both hormone-dependent and -independent prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of PCa among patients treated with and without digoxin using a nationwide population-based database in Taiwan. METHODS We retrieved data of men aged 30 years or older who were newly diagnosed with heart failure between January 1998 and December 2003 from the National Health Insurance program database in Taiwan. We divided the patients into digoxin users and non-digoxin users. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to examine the risk of subsequent PCa between the digoxin and non-digoxin groups. RESULTS The mean ± SD follow-up (years) periods in the digoxin and non-digoxin groups were 8.6 ± 1.78 and 8.3 ± 1.75, respectively. The cumulative incidence of PCa during the follow-up period was 3.5% (147/4233) in the non-digoxin group compared to 3.0% (65/2154) in the digoxin group. The log-rank test revealed that the digoxin group had a similar incidence of PCa to the non-digoxin group (p = 0.18). After adjusting for age, benign prostatic hyperplasia and comorbidities, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that digoxin was associated with a significantly decreased risk of developing PCa (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.548-0.993, p = 0.045).Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of PCa decreased with a longer duration of digoxin use during the study period compared to those who had never used digoxin (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION The cardiac glycoside digoxin had significant effects on reducing the incidence of PCa in a time-dependent manner. Our findings may imply the potential application of cardiac glycosides in the prevention and management of PCa.