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To assess the clinical role of the glymphatic system in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-concussive syndrome (PCS).

Clinical manifestations of mTBI, or concussion, involve a wide array of cognitive, behavioral, and mechanical impairments that commonly spontaneously resolve within weeks. When these symptoms persist, it defines a class of mTBI known as post-concussive syndrome. A multifaceted approach for diagnosing concussion and PCS, heavily reliant on a neurocognitive screening, has become the standard in suspected cases. Conventional imaging protocols are occasionally implemented for exclusion of structural injury, rarely revealing substantial evidence in otherwise uncomplicated mTBI. A CNS-specific lymphatic network, termed glymphatic, has shown to play a critical role in immune surveillance and drainage of cellular debris. Moreover, recent evidence points to glymphatic dysfunction in TBI, including mild cases, as its anatomical layout becomes better understood. Here, we review the current lerving recovery, and exposing impact-related microstructural injuries, however the implementation of imaging in a clinical setting has yet to be well-characterized.

Anatomical and functional properties of the glymphatic network make an appealing target for concussion diagnosis, observing recovery, and exposing impact-related microstructural injuries, however the implementation of imaging in a clinical setting has yet to be well-characterized.

The objective of this study was to compare head impact exposure across common training activities in soccer.

Soccer is a popular youth sport in the United States, but repetitive head impacts during training may result in neurocognitive deficits. Current research has identified factors associated with increased head impact exposure in soccer, but research has yet to contextualize head impact exposure across soccer activities. Modifying practice structure may be an avenue for reducing head impact exposure and concussion risk in soccer.

Eight U15 soccer players participated in this study for 2 soccer seasons. Players wore a custom instrumented mouthpiece sensor during all practices and games. On-field activities were recorded with a time-synchronized camera. Research personnel recorded the duration of all practice (e.g., technical training, team interaction) and game activities performed by each player, and film review was performed to identify all head contact events during each session. Head impact exposntions designed to reduce head impact frequency in soccer may benefit from targeting technical training activities; whereas, interventions designed to reduce head impact magnitude may benefit from targeting team interaction and game activities.

To present the evaluation of 12 rehabilitation cases as a case series in sports-related concussion.

Sport-related concussion is a common injury in the NHL. While most athletes recover within few weeks of sustaining a mild head injury, some still experience persistent symptoms for months or years after following recommended recovery and return to play guidelines.

Twelve male NHL athletes (6/6 active/retired; mean age/height/weight/symptom duration/#concussions [SD] 33.4 years [7.9] 185.8 cm [5.1] 94.8 kg [14.6]; 121 wks [156]; 4.3 [2.3]) with persistent but mild post-concussion symptoms were treated for 10 sessions at an outpatient neurorehabilitation center specializing in functional neurology. The athletes were evaluated before- and after treatment utilizing the C3 Logix platform. The interventions included joint manipulation, neuromuscular re-education, vestibular rehabilitation in a whole-body off-axis rotational device, orthoptic exercises, and cognitive training. Graded Symptoms Checklist (0-162), nce, of 12 professional NHL players experiencing symptom stagnation.

The present case series shows that a functional neurology approach of multimodal short duration intensive therapies can produce clinically meaningful improvements with large and very large effect sizes, in both the concussion symptoms and neurocognitive performance, of 12 professional NHL players experiencing symptom stagnation.

To determine the test-retest reliability of ImPACT baseline tests across different schools within the same larger concussion management program.

ImPACT is the most widely used concussion management cognitive testing tool. Baseline testing is often required for high school sports participation. Typically, testing occurs every 2 years based on test-retest reliability statistics in previous studies. Demographic and environmental factors, such as age, sex, number of participants, and supervision, all impact baseline performance. Studies to date have not examined test-retest differences across testing sites, such as between school differences.

Cross-sectional retrospective design. Valid baseline tests from high school athletes over a 2-year interval were included. Participants who experienced concussions prior to or between tests were excluded. A total of 979 student athletes from 5 schools were included. The Intra-class correlations were determined over a 2-year period for each ImPACT composite score and sco improve reliability of baseline cognitive test performance to maximize athlete safety.

As previously established, reliability of ImPACT baselines vary by composite. This study revealed that reliability also varies by setting, as different schools yielded different ICCs. Consistent with the literature, the most reliable measure was visual-motor speed. The greatest difference in reliability between schools was for reaction time. These results suggest that test setting and environment affect reliability of ImPACT baseline scores, with varying effects per composite. Attention must be paid to environmental setting to improve reliability of baseline cognitive test performance to maximize athlete safety.

To evaluate the self-reported history of concussion in athletes of both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and Muay Thai.

Combat sports are widely practiced around the world. They include modalities that involves punches or kicks directed at the opponent's head (Striking sports) or that consists of grabbing an opponent and taking him to the ground (Grappling sports). Due to the objectives and close contact in combat sports, the risk of concussion is significant.

This was a cross-sectional study involving a Brazilian sample of BJJ athletes (n-18) and Muay Thai athletes (n-22). The sample was consisted of both professional and amateur athletes (Women constituted 20% of sample). Through individual interviews with a researcher the following data were collected self-report of concussion and the moment of the injury (whether in practice or in the fight). The Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) was also applied. In the present study, a concussion was considered as a direct impact on the head followed by symptoms. Thi Muay Thai athletes.

Determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP)-alpha (CALCA) and the receptor activity modifying protein-1 (RAMP1) are related to headache burden during the first week after concussion.

Post-traumatic headache is a commonly reported symptom after concussion. SNPs related to CGRP are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches and contribute to pain transmission and neurogenic inflammation. STAT3-IN-1 It is unclear in concussed persons if the headache burden is associated with genetic variations related to CGRP.

A prospective study was performed in 34 concussed athletes (gender 23 female, 11 male; age 20 ± 1 years; height 1.75 ± 0.12 meters; weight 73 ± 14 kilograms). Participants completed the symptom evaluation checklist from the SCAT3 within 48 hours of injury (V1), and 4 (V2) and 7 (V3) days after injury. For each visit, the self-reported score (0-6) for headache, pressure in head, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light/noise were summed. The den in the first 4 days after concussion injury.

The current analysis provides a proof-of-concept to suggest that the combined T + A+ genoset from RAMP1+CALCA are associated with a greater headache burden in the first 4 days after concussion injury.

The objective was to conduct a preliminary study to access blink reflex parameters across age using the Eyestat.

The blink reflex is a primitive brainstem response to an external stimulus is affected by multiple neurologic disorders, including those that affect the dopaminergic circuit that controls the eyelid. Our laboratory has utilized a potential objective measure to identify concussions within a college aged sport population called Eyestat, which measures changes in blink reflex parameters. Prior research cited significant differences in various blink reflex parameters between active play, concussion, and baseline. However, data with older, non-athlete populations has not defined.

One hundred forty three subjects between the ages of 8-80 participated in this study. Once the subject was seated, the test sequence was initiated, in which the subject placed their face into the mask and 5 random air puffs were applied to the corner of the left or right eyes over a course of 20 seconds. High-speed videogsubstantiates the need for longitudinal assessments of the blink reflex as a potential biomarker, providing a non-invasive assessment of brain health in various populations.

The objective was to observe the quantity and quality of sleep of collegiate athletes following a concussion.

Patients diagnosed with a concussion report a disruption or change in their sleep with 46% of patients still having sleep disturbances 3 months after the event. Research is lacking on the sleep disruption or sleep changes in athletes who have experienced a concussion.

This IRB-approved convenient cohort study involved athletes from 2 local universities. 27 (20 non-concussed and 7 concussed) male collegiate football players (19.93 ± 1.14 years old, 1.82 ± 0.08 m, and 96.42 ± 21.26 kg) wore a Readiband device for 7-10 days or throughout concussion recovery. Concussed participants completed a symptom score sheet each day. Participants returned the Readiband device and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQIQ) after 7-10 days or on return to play. The sleep parameters, and PSQIQ scores were analyzed using non-parametric & independent t-tests with the alpha level set at 0anges in sleep occur post-concussion, which may delay concussion recovery.

To examine the relationship between the m-CTSIB and Landing Error Scoring System in a sample of collegiate female athletes.

Recent literature has linked concussion and neuromuscular deficits in the lower extremity after injury. Neuromuscular control is frequently assessed using balance measures for concussion, but also dynamically to identify anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) risk via jump-landing movement screening.

Thirty-nine healthy, collegiate female soccer (n = 22) and volleyball (n = 17) athletes completed the modified-Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance (m-CTSIB) and the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Measures consisted of total m-CTSIB sway index scores on individual conditions (firm surface eyes open [condition 1] and eyes closed [2], foam surface eyes open [3] and eyes closed [4]), m-CTSIB overall score, and total LESS errors. LESS scores were also categorized into a low (0-4 errors) and high (5 + errors) risk to determine if athletes with worse neuromuscular control on the LESS has worse balance on the m-CTSIB.