Kangmunksgaard9501

A second ROC analysis was performed in order to distinguish mild from severe cases of SCHCa in these 620 cows; this cut-off was identified at 1.93 mmol/L. The associated risk of disease with Ca clustership was assessed with generalized linear mixed models. Overall incidence of SCHCa was 66.1%. Clusters SCH-1 and SCH-2 included cows with short-term SCHCa of day 1 and day 2, respectively, while SCH-3 included cows with severe and prolonged SCHCa extending to day 4 and beyond. Clusters SCH-4 and SCH-5 included cows with delayed SCHCa, which culminated on days 4 and 8, respectively. Compared to NORM cows in HIGH had lower risk of MET and no cases of DA. Cows in SCH-3 had higher risk of being diagnosed with retained foetal membranes, DA or any disease during the study period. Cows in SCH-5 had higher risk of being diagnosed with ketosis, subclinical ketosis or any disease. In conclusion, there are multiple normocalcaemic and hypocalcaemic patterns that are differently associated with disease risk.Wild and farmed animals are key elements of natural and managed ecosystems that deliver functions such as pollination, pest control and nutrient cycling within the broader roles they play in contributing to biodiversity and to every category of ecosystem services. They are subjected to global changes with a profound impact on the natural range and viability of animal species, the emergence and spatial distribution of pathogens, land use, ecosystem services and farming sustainability. We urgently need to improve our understanding of how animal populations can respond adaptively and therefore sustainably to these new selective pressures. In this context, we explored the common points between animal production science and animal ecology to identify promising avenues of synergy between communities through the transfer of concepts and/or methodologies, focusing on seven concepts that link both disciplines. Animal adaptability, animal diversity (both within and between species), selection, animal management, animalncrease resilience in both wild and farmed systems. It also promotes the use of novel monitoring technologies to quantify animal welfare and factors affecting fitness. These measures are needed to evaluate viability risk, predict and potentially increase animal adaptability and improve the management of wild and farmed systems, thereby responding to an increasing demand of society for the development of a sustainable management of systems.Laying hens are increasingly kept in barn or free-range systems, which not only allows birds to move freely but also potentially entails higher energy expenditures due to higher locomotor activity. Therefore, the aim of our study was to quantify the daily energy expenditure (DEE) and water turnover in freely moving laying hens. For that purpose, 10 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and 10 Lohmann Brown (LB) hens were obtained from a conventional breeding company at 17 weeks of age. The trial started when birds reached an age of 34 weeks. All 20 birds were kept together in the same littered floor pen (12.1 m2). The pen was equipped with perches, a nest box, feeding and nipple drinkers. The DEE was determined individually for all experimental birds (n = 20) for a total of nine days using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method. Lohmann Brown hens were heavier than LSL hens, but laying rate did not differ between the two breeds, that is, one egg per hen and day during the study period. check details Average egg mass was 63.1 ± 0.rmore, we show that laying hens kept in floor pens fit into the general pattern of DEE among wild birds.The recent trend in the dairy industry towards elevated planes of milk feeding of young calves requires reconsideration of calf milk replacer (CMR) formulations. The fatlactose ratio in CMR is typically lower than that of whole milk and effects of increasing fat inclusion at the expense of lactose in CMR on nutrient metabolism and gut function of rearing calves are not sufficiently understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of increasing replacement of lactose by fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and metabolism, and glucose/insulin sensitivity. A total of 40 male calves (1.7 ± 0.10 days of age, 46.7 ± 0.76 kg BW) were blocked based on arrival date and randomly assigned to one of four treatments containing differing levels of fat and lactose (18F 18.8% and 47.6%; 22F 22.3% and 42.8%; 26F 26.0% and 38.6%; 30F 30.1% and 33.8%, fat and lactose DM, respectively). Calves were individually housed for the duration of the 11 week study and received their CMR (150 g/L) twice or glucose was highest in 26F and lowest in 18F and 22F. Overall, altering the lactosefat ratio in CMR did not affect growth performance while having minor effects on nutrient metabolism, but future investigation should focus on physiological consequences and effects in adult life to understand biological impact of fat and lactose levels in CMR for rearing calves.Improved animal health can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity in livestock systems while increasing productivity. Integrated modelling of disease impacts on farm-scale emissions is important in identifying effective health strategies to reduce emissions. However, it requires that modellers understand the pathways linking animal health to emissions and how these might be incorporated into models. A key barrier to meeting this need has been the lack of a framework to facilitate effective exchange of knowledge and data between animal health experts and emissions modellers. Here, these two communities engaged in workshops, online exchanges and a survey to i) identify a comprehensive list of disease-related model parameters and ii) test its application to evaluating models. Fifty-six parameters were identified and proved effective in assessing the potential of farm-scale models to characterise livestock disease impacts on GHG emissions. Easy wins for the emissions models surveyed include characterising disease impacts related to feeding.The origins of floor-laying in ducks could be low motivation for a nest, or stress related to difficulties with accessing a nest (e.g. competition). Using a behavioural demand test, we investigated if increasing the work required to access their nest impacted ducks' behaviour and two indicators of stress egg corticosterone concentration and elevation of core body temperature (stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH)). Twelve laying Pekin ducks previously trained in an operant push-door task were required to use a push-door to access their nest. The door was loaded with increasing weight (0-160% of individual BW, four nights per workload) and eventually blocked to prevent nest access. Before testing, temperature data loggers were implanted in the abdomen. Eggs were collected daily to measure corticosterone concentrations. Behaviour towards the push-door was quantified. Three birds were excluded from the experiment at an early stage. Five of the nine remaining birds pushed all workloads up to 160% BW and attempted to pass the blocked door, with another two birds pushing up to 80 and 140% BW.