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ly, no significant difference in terms of FFS or OS was found between the chemo-WART and chemo-PRT groups.
To elucidate the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) under hospitalization and home isolation conditions.
This retrospective study was conducted among 32 patients with COVID-19 and T1D, who sought treatment at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between May 01, 2020 and July 30, 2020. Patients data were extracted from electronic medical records.
Of the total of 32 COVID-19 patients with T1D, 21.9% required hospitalization, while 78.1% underwent home isolation. Among the study population, 9.4% (3/32) were reported to have hypertension, 21.9% (7/32) had chronic pulmonary disease (CPD), 18.8% (6/32) had thyroid disorders, and 18.8% (6/32) had the celiac disease. Of the 32 studied patients, 68.8% (22/32) of them were reported as normal, while 28.1% (9/32) had chronic kidney disease (CKD) II and 3.1% (1/32) had end-stage renal failure. The most common symptoms observed among the hospitalized patients were nausea and vomiting (71.4%; 5/7), followed by fever (57.1%; 4/7), cough (42.8%; 3/7), sore throat (42.8%; 3/7), abdominal pain (42.8%; 3/7) and dyspnea (42.%; 3/7). The most common reasons for hospitalization were diabetic ketoacidosis (71.4%; 5/7) followed by bacterial pneumonia (14.3%; 1/7), fever (14.3%; 1/7), sore throat (14.3%; 1/7), severe hyperglycemia (14.3%; 1/7) and COVID-19 pneumonia (14.3%; 1/7). Except the severity of COVID-19 (p=0.0001), none of the demographic and clinical parameters indicated statistically significant differences between patients requiring hospitalization and home isolation.
Majority of the COVID-19 patients with T1D recovered with conservative treatment at home. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most common reason for hospitalization.
Majority of the COVID-19 patients with T1D recovered with conservative treatment at home. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most common reason for hospitalization.
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who have underlying malignancy have a higher mortality rate compared with those without cancer, although the magnitude of such excess risk is not clearly defined. We performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to provide precise estimates of the mortality rate among patients with both cancer and COVID-19.
A systematic literature search involving peer-reviewed publications, preprintsand conference proceedings up to July 16, 2020, was performed. check details The primary end-point was the case fatality rate (CFR), defined as the rate of death among patients with cancer and COVID-19. The CFR was assessed with a random effects model, which was used to derive a pooled CFR and its 95% confidence interval (CI).
Fifty-two studies, involving a total of 18,650 patients with both COVID-19 and cancer, were selected for the pooled analysis. A total of 4243 deaths were recorded in this population. The probability of death was 25.6% (95% CI 22.0%-29.5%; I
=48.9%) in this patient population.
Patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 have high probability of mortality. Appropriate and aggressive preventive measures must be taken to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in patients with cancerand to optimally manage those who do contract the infection.
Patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 have high probability of mortality. Appropriate and aggressive preventive measures must be taken to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in patients with cancer and to optimally manage those who do contract the infection.Toxic metals cause substantial reduction in crop yields every year. Therefore, worldwide scientific efforts are being made to reduce such losses in crop productivity by using certain chemical protectants such as nutrients like sulfur (S), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), glutathione (GSH), etc. Therefore in this study, we have tested potential of additional S, along with probable involvement of H2S and GSH in mitigating hexavalent chromium (CrVI) toxicity in tomato, pea and brinjal seedlings. Chromium (VI) decreased shoot and root length, endogenous H2S, and cell viability due to greater Cr accumulation that led to cell death in roots. Chromium (VI) enhanced oxidative stress markers i.e. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation due to down-regulation in ascorbate-glutathione cycle. However, additional S reversed toxic effect of Cr(VI). Chromium (VI) slightly stimulated enzymes of glutathione biosynthesis. Besides this, the results also showed that addition of buthionine sulphoximine (BSO, synthetic inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis) interestingly further enhanced Cr(VI) toxicity even in the presence of additional S. But this effect of BSO was reversed by the addition of GSH. Interestingly, hydroxylamine (HA, synthetic inhibitor of cysteine desulfhydrase) had also further increased Cr(VI) toxicity even in the presence of additional S but sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) reversed this effect. Furthermore, ameliorative behaviour of NaHS against Cr(VI) toxicity was reversed by the hypotaurine (HT, a H2S scavenger). All together results suggested that additional S involved GSH and H2S in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity in studied vegetables, in which GSH acted downstream of H2S signal.How is semantic information in the mental lexicon accessed and selected during reading? Readers process information of both the foveal and parafoveal words. Recent eye-tracking studies hint at bi-phasic lexical activation dynamics, demonstrating that semantically related parafoveal previews can either facilitate, or interfere with lexical processing of target words in comparison to unrelated previews, with the size and direction of the effect depending on exposure time to parafoveal previews. However, evidence to date is only correlational, because exposure time was determined by participants' pre-target fixation durations. Here we experimentally controlled parafoveal preview exposure duration using a combination of the gaze-contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms. We manipulated preview duration and examined the time course of parafoveal semantic activation during the oral reading of Chinese sentences in three experiments. Semantic previews led to faster lexical access of target words than unrelated previews only when the previews were presented briefly (80 ms in Experiments 1 and 3). Longer exposure time (100 ms or 150 ms) eliminated semantic preview effects, and full preview without duration limit resulted in preview cost, i.e., a reversal of preview benefit. Our results indicate that high-level semantic information can be obtained from parafoveal words and the size and direction of the parafoveal semantic effect depends on the level of lexical activation.The electron emission model of a negative electron affinity graded-bandgap AlGaAs/GaAs electron-injection cathode was developed from two-dimensional continuity equations. The emission current was obtained from a simulation of the model, and the emission current efficiency and emission current per unit length were calculated. Based on the simulation results and preparation conditions, the range of optimum parameters for the cathode structure were determined. The ranges of optimum thickness for the p-AlGaAs and the graded-bandgap p-AlGaAs layers were 0.05-0.15 μm and 0.1-0.3 μm, respectively. The optimum width of the base electrode ranged from 1 to 4 μm, and the optimum molar ratios of Al in the p-AlGaAs and the n-AlGaAs layers were 0.2-0.3 and 0.4-0.5, respectively. This abrupt PN heterojunction inhibited the hole current and increased the emission current efficiency, with a maximum value of 25.3%. According to the emission current per unit length, the optimum range of width of emission unit surface was 6 to 10 μm, and the peak emission current per unit length reached 43.2 μA/μm.Groundwater protection against agricultural diffuse nitrate pollution is of paramount importance for safeguarding groundwater-dependent aquatic ecosystems and protecting human health by securing clean groundwater for drinking water production. Nitrate vulnerability assessment of aquifers is the core of a scientifically sound strategy for management and protection of groundwater by authorities. A multitude of methods exists for assessing intrinsic aquifer vulnerability. The objective of this paper is to develop a nitrate-specific groundwater vulnerability assessment method based on the globally recognized DRASTIC method, which was developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency in the 1980s. We propose a new method "DRASTIC-N″ for assessing aquifer nitrate vulnerability, which for the first time expands the seven original geological and hydrogeological parameters with a geochemical parameter for redox condition. The development of DRASTIC-N is based on the longstanding Danish practice of performing detailed groundwater mapping based on dense sampling of geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. DRASTIC-N is compared to the widely used and documented Danish nitrate vulnerability assessment method SCANVA in a study area where the primary aquifer used for drinking water production is composed of heterogeneous sandy glacial deposits. Both SCANVA and DRASTIC-N result in vulnerability maps, which show similar patterns of nitrate vulnerability with a fair overall agreement of 71%. DRASTIC-N provides a framework for systematic and transparent application, which can facilitate stakeholder involvement and help authorities in groundwater protection and decision-making with regards to nitrate pollution. DRASTIC-N is suitable for nitrate vulnerability assessments of glacially deposited sandy aquifers, an abundant and important water resource worldwide, potentially threatened by nitrate pollution from anthropogenic activities.17β-Estradiol (E2), an important endocrine disrupting compound, could be quantitatively detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) aptasensor, designed in this paper. Metal organic frameworks have large specific surface area and easily modifiable groups, which are helpful for the construction of aptasensor. Specifically, streptavidin was immobilized on the synthesized MIL-53-NH2 by covalent bonding, and further linked with the biotin modified E2 aptamer (apt) through specific bonding between avidin and biotin to obtain the FRET donor probe (MIL-53-apt). Meanwhile, complementary DNA (cDNA) modified Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiO2-cDNA) were prepared through covalent bonding. They acted as the FRET acceptor probe, since its absorption spectrum showed large overlap with the emission spectrum of MIL-53-apt. In the presence of E2, aptamer modified donor probes tended to bind with E2, owing to their higher selectivity and affinity. Therefore, the optimal distance between FRET pairs was broken, resulting in the fluorescence emission recovery of donor and the fluorescence emission of acceptor decreased. Under optimal conditions, this proposed aptasensor displayed sensitive detection of E2 ranging from 0.5 to 1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.2 nM. Furthermore, the sensor provides a promising method for rapid and sensitive detection of other small biological molecules.
