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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected anthropometric, physiological, and upper-body strength measures and 15-km handcycling time-trial (TT) performance.

Thirteen trained H3/H4 male handcyclists performed a 15-km TT, graded exercise test, 15-second all-out sprint, and 1-repetition-maximum assessment of bench press and prone bench pull strength. Relationship between all variables was assessed using a Pearson correlation coefficient matrix with mean TT velocity representing the principal performance outcome.

Power at a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4mmol·L-1 (r = .927; P < .01) showed an extremely large correlation with TT performance, whereas relative V˙O2peak (peak oxygen uptake) (r = .879; P < .01), power-to-mass ratio (r = .879; P < .01), peak aerobic power (r = .851; P < .01), gross mechanical efficiency (r = 733; P < .01), relative prone bench pull strength (r = .770; P = .03) relative bench press strength (r = .703; P = .11), and maximum anaerobic power (r = .678; P = .15) all demonstrated a very large correlation with performance outcomes.

Findings of this study indicate that power at a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4mmol·L-1, relative V˙O2peak, power-to-mass ratio, peak aerobic power, gross mechanical efficiency, relative upper-body strength, and maximum anaerobic power are all significant determinants of 15-km TT performance in H3/H4 handcyclists.

Findings of this study indicate that power at a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L-1, relative V˙O2peak, power-to-mass ratio, peak aerobic power, gross mechanical efficiency, relative upper-body strength, and maximum anaerobic power are all significant determinants of 15-km TT performance in H3/H4 handcyclists.

To identify acute effects of a single accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) repetition on subsequent back-squat kinetics and kinematics with different concentric loads.

Resistance-trained men (N = 21) participated in a counterbalanced crossover design and completed 4 protocols (sets × repetitions at eccentric/concentric) as follows AEL65, 3 × 5 at 120%/65% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM); AEL80, 3 × 3 at 120%/80% 1-RM; TRA65, 3 × 5 at 65%/65% 1-RM; and TRA80, 3 × 3 at 80%/80% 1-RM. During AEL, weight releasers disengaged from the barbell after the eccentric phase of the first repetition and remained off for the remaining repetitions. All repetitions were performed on a force plate with linear position transducers attached to the barbell, from which eccentric and concentric peak and mean velocity, force, and power were derived.

Eccentric peak velocity (-0.076 [0.124]m·s-1; P = .01), concentric peak force (187.8 [284.4]N; P = .01), eccentric mean power (-145.2 [62.0]W; P = .03), and eccentric peak power (-328.6ive to the magnitude of concentric loads, which requires a large relative difference to the eccentric load, and weight releasers may not need to be reloaded to induce performance enhancement.

To examine responses to a simulated rugby league protocol designed to include more stochastic commands, and therefore require greater vigilance, than traditional team-sport simulation protocols.

Eleven male university rugby players completed 2 trials (randomized and control [CON]) of a rugby league movement simulation protocol, separated by 7 to 10d. The CON trial consisted of 48 repeated ∼115-s cycles of activity. The stochastic simulation (STOCH) was matched for the number and types of activity performed every 5.45min in CON but included no repeated cycles of activity. Movement using GPS, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and Stroop test performance was assessed throughout. PF 03491390 Maximum voluntary contraction peak torque, voluntary activation (in percentage), and global task load were assessed after exercise.

The mean mental demand of STOCH was higher than CON (effect size [ES] = 0.56; ±0.69). Mean sprint speed was higher in STOCH (22.5 [1.4] vs 21.6 [1.6]km·h-1, ES = 0.50; ±0.55), which was accompanied by a higher rating of perceived exertion (14.3 [1.0] vs 13.0 [1.4], ES = 0.87; ±0.67) and a greater number of errors in the Stroop test (10.3 [2.5] vs 9.3 [1.4] errors; ES = 0.65; ±0.83). Maximum voluntary contraction peak torque (CON = -48.4 [31.6]N·m and STOCH = -39.6 [36.6]N·m) and voluntary activation (CON = -8.3% [4.8%] and STOCH = -6.0% [4.1%]) was similarly reduced in both trials.

Providing more stochastic commands, which requires greater vigilance, might alter performance and associated physiological, perceptual, and cognitive responses to team-sport simulations.

Providing more stochastic commands, which requires greater vigilance, might alter performance and associated physiological, perceptual, and cognitive responses to team-sport simulations.

Brain metastases (BM) arising from head and neck cancer (HNC) are rare and not well characterized. This study aims to describe the clinicopathological features, treatments, prognostic factors, and survival in HNC patients with BM.

Non-thyroid HNC patients referred to BC Cancer from 1998 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed for BM. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis were used to assess post-BM survival and prognostic factors.

Out of 9432 HNC patients, 88 patients developed BM (0.9%, median follow-up 3.4years). On average, the BM were diagnosed 18.5months after the primary diagnosis and tended to arise after distant metastases to extracranial sites (85%) such as the lungs (78%). At BM presentation, 84% were symptomatic and two thirds had a poor performance status (ECOG≥2, 68%). The median post-BM survival was 2.5months (95% CI 2.1-3.3months). On multivariable analysis, management of BM with radiotherapy (RT) alone (3.3months, 95% CI 2.3-4.6, p=0.005) and RT with surgery (4.4months, 95% CI 2.8-6.9, p<0.001) was associated with longer survival compared to best supportive care alone (1.4months, 95% CI 1.0-2.0months). Age, sex, performance status, sub-localization of the primary HNC, presence of extracranial metastases, and number of intracranial metastases were not associated with post-BM survival (all p≥0.05).

This is the largest study to date in BM from HNC. BM occur late in the course of HNC and carry a poor prognosis. Treatment with intracranial radiotherapy both with and without surgery was associated with improved survival.

This is the largest study to date in BM from HNC. BM occur late in the course of HNC and carry a poor prognosis. Treatment with intracranial radiotherapy both with and without surgery was associated with improved survival.