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The article identifies the following marketing strategies The providers refer to customers as patients, normalise cosmetic surgery, draw attention to physical flaws, play on femininity and sensuality, define natural appearance, promise a better self-image and quality of life, and offer package solutions and financing schemes. The underlying messages and patterns that emerge from the identified strategies are interpreted within theories on body and gender, nature and culture.

Due to the COVID-19pandemic, the implementation of video consultations as an alternative to hospital face-to-face consultations was advanced for persons with rheumatic diseases at Diakonhjemmet Hospital. Video consultations were introduced in March 2020, and this article presents the experiences gained by healthcare professionals and patients.

The data was collected in June 2020 through focus-group interviews with healthcare professionals and through an anonymous online survey of patients who had attended video consultations during a period of three weeks in June 2020.

The data from the focus-group interviews with seven rheumatologists and seven nurses were sorted into main thematic categories patient, healthcare professional, consultation, and technology. The healthcare professionals felt that video consultations, with some exceptions, were appropriate in the follow-up of patients with rheumatic diseases, and especially for stable patients with no confounding issues. Of the 383patients who were invited to participate, 139 (36%) responded to the survey. The patients were largely satisfied with the video consultation, with a median score of 10 (quartiles 8-10) on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, however, 32 (27%) patients considered the lack of clinical examination to be detrimental.

Video consultations are often appropriate in the follow-up of patients with a rheumatic disease.

Video consultations are often appropriate in the follow-up of patients with a rheumatic disease.

In Norway, almost 8500patients received mechanical ventilation in 2019. We have investigated the effect of early activity in mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care units on the duration of ventilation, weaning time from mechanical ventilation, mortality, length of stay, and adverse events.

We conducted a systematic literature search for randomised controlled trials in nine databases. Two authors selected studies, extracted data and then rated the certainty of evidence according to the GRADE framework.

A total of 3270 titles and abstracts were read, and 17 studies with 1805patients and a low-to-moderate risk of bias were included. The analyses showed that early mobilisation reduced both the mean duration of ventilation (-1.43 days; 95% CI -2.68 to -0.18, p = 0.02) and the ICU length of stay (-1.08 days; 95% CI -1.95 to -0.21, p = 0.02), with the certainty of evidence rated as moderate. Inspiratory muscle training had no effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation (-0.11; 95% CI -1.76 to 1.53, p = 0.89) or on the weaning time from mechanical ventilation (-0.33; 95% CI -1.31 to 0.65, p = 0.51), with the certainty of evidence rated as low. Neither early mobilisation nor inspiratory muscle training affected mortality. Few adverse events were reported.

The analyses show that early mobilisation is safe and can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and the ICU length of stay, but has no effect on mortality. Inspiratory muscle training had no effect on any of the outcome measures.

The analyses show that early mobilisation is safe and can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and the ICU length of stay, but has no effect on mortality. Inspiratory muscle training had no effect on any of the outcome measures.

Our aim is to determine the incidence of reflux in children older than 3 years requiring adenotonsillectomy and relationship between GER and diagnostic tests.

Forty-four patients, who were listed for adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy at Pediatric Ear Nose Throat department due to severe hypertrophy, were evaluated for accompanying GER (Group 1). GER was diagnosed as having at least one positive GER test result (including esophagitis or pH monitoring). Twenty children without reflux symptoms were used as healthy control group (Group 2) and LPR was held.

Reflux was detected in 32 children requiring adenotonsillectomy (72.7%). LPR score was negative in all patients in Group 2. There was no correlation between pH monitoring and histopathological evaluation of esophagus. There was a correlation between the LPR score and histological esophagitis in the proximal esophagus.

GER was high in patients with adenotonsillary hypertrophy. LPR score and the history of patients are as effective as invasive techniques like pH monitorization and endoscopy in determining GER disease.

GER was high in patients with adenotonsillary hypertrophy. KU-60019 clinical trial LPR score and the history of patients are as effective as invasive techniques like pH monitorization and endoscopy in determining GER disease.Circadian rhythms in most living organisms are regulated by light and synchronized to an endogenous biological clock. The circadian clock machinery is also critically involved in regulating and fine-tuning neurodevelopmental processes. Circadian disruption during embryonic development can impair crucial phases of neurodevelopment. This can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. Increasing evidence from studies showing abnormalities in sleep and melatonin as well as genetic and epigenetic changes in the core elements of the circadian pathway indicate a pivotal role of circadian disruption in ASD. However, the underlying mechanistic basis through which the circadian pathways influence the risk and progression of ASD are yet to be fully discerned. Well-recognized mechanistic pathways in ASD include altered immune-inflammatory, nitro oxidative stress, neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, and metabolic pathways. Notably, all these pathways are under the control of the circadian clock. It is thus likely that a disrupted circadian clock will affect the functioning of these pathways. Herein, we highlight the possible mechanisms through which aberrations in the circadian clock might affect immune-inflammatory, nitro-oxidative, metabolic pathways, and neurotransmission, thereby driving the neurobiological sequelae leading to ASD.