Kroghivey0504

The selective decomposition of formic acid (FA) traditionally needs to be carried out under high temperature with the noble metal-based catalysts. Meanwhile, it also encounters a separation of H2and CO2for pure H2production. The photocatalytic FA dehydrogenation under mild conditions can meet a growing demand for sustainable H2generation. Here, we reported a photocatalytic selective H2release from FA decomposition at low temperature for pure H2production by Pt/g-C3N4. Low-cost and easy-to-obtained urea was utilized to produce carbon nitride as the metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst, along with a photodeposition to obtain Pt/g-C3N4. The electrochemical evidences clearly demonstrate the photocatalytic activity of Pt/g-C3N4to produce H2and CO2in one-step FA decomposition. And, the impedance is the lowest under simulated solar light of 70 mW cm-2with a faster electron transfer kinetic. Under simulated solar light, H2production rate is up to 1.59 mmol · h-1· g-1for FA with concentration at 2.65 mol l-1, 1700 000 times larger than that under visible light and 1928 times under ultraviolet (UV) light. DFT calculations further elucidate that nitrogen (N) active site at the g-C3N4has an excellent adsorption towards CO2molecule capture. Then, H2molecules are selectively released to simultaneously separate H2and CO2in solution. Platinum (Pt) at Pt/g-C3N4as the catalytic site contributes into the acceleration of H2production.Categorical perception (CP) of audio is critical to understand how the human brain perceives speech sounds despite widespread variability in acoustic properties. check details Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of auditory neural activity that reflects CP for speech (i.e., differentiates phonetic prototypes from ambiguous speech sounds). We recorded high density EEGs as listeners rapidly classified vowel sounds along an acoustic-phonetic continuum. We used support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and stability selection to determine when and where in the brain CP was best decoded across space and time via source-level analysis of the event related potentials (ERPs). We found that early (120 ms) whole-brain data decoded speech categories (i.e., prototypical vs. ambiguous speech tokens) with 95.16% accuracy [area under the curve (AUC) 95.14%; F1-score 95.00%]. Separate analyses on left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH) responses showed that LH decoding was more robust and earlier than RH (89.03% vs. 86.45% accuracy; 140 ms vs. 200 ms). Stability (feature) selection identified 13 regions of interest (ROIs) out of 68 brain regions (including auditory cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and Brocas area) that showed categorical representation during stimulus encoding (0-260 ms). In contrast, 15 ROIs (including fronto-parietal regions, Broca's area, motor cortex) were necessary to describe later decision stages (later 300 ms) of categorization but these areas were highly associated with the strength of listeners' categorical hearing (i.e., slope of behavioral identification functions). Our data-driven multivariate models demonstrate that abstract categories emerge surprisingly early (~120 ms) in the time course of speech processing and are dominated by engagement of a relatively compact fronto-temporal-parietal brain network.We propose a dynamic coarse-graining (CG) scheme for mapping heterogeneous polymer fluids onto extremely CG models in a dynamically consistent manner. The idea is to use as target function for the mapping a wave-vector dependent mobility function derived from the single-chain dynamic structure factor, which is calculated in the microscopic reference system. In previous work, we have shown that dynamic density functional calculations based on this mobility function can accurately reproduce the order/disorder kinetics in polymer melts, thus it is a suitable starting point for dynamic mapping. To enable the mapping over a range of relevant wave vectors, we propose to modify the CG dynamics by introducing internal friction parameters that slow down the CG monomer dynamics on local scales, without affecting the static equilibrium structure of the system. We illustrate and discuss the method using the example of infinitely long linear Rouse polymers mapped onto ultrashort CG chains. We show that our method can be used to construct dynamically consistent CG models for homopolymers with CG chain lengthN= 4, whereas for copolymers, longer CG chain lengths are necessary.170Tm is being explored as a source for applications in brachytherapy. Although it has adequate physical properties, such as a short half-life (128.6 d), high specific activity and a mean photon energy of about 66 keV, it has a drawback of low photon yield (only about six photon emissions/100 beta emissions). The objective of this work is to study the dosimetric characteristics of a locally developed170Tm brachytherapy seed source using the Monte Carlo-based EGSnrc code system. In this study, we calculate the dose rate constant, air-kerma strength, radial dose function, anisotropic function and 2D dose-rate distributions in water. Separate simulations are carried out by considering the photon (gamma and characteristic x-ray) and beta spectra of the source. For regions close to the source (surface of the source less then r less then 0.4 cm), the dose is solely due to direct dose deposition by beta particles. At larger distances (0.4 cm less then r less then 10 cm), the dose is due to bremsstrahlung photons produced by beta particles and photon emissions. The calculated value of the dose rate constant is 1.217 ± 0.052 cGy h-1U-1. The value ofSkper mCi is 0.029 ± 0.0009 U mCi-1. The contributions of the inherent photon emission and the bremsstrahlung photons to the totalSkare 0.58 and 0.42, respectively.Cancer-associated bone disease is a frequent occurrence in cancer patients and is associated with pain, bone fragility, loss, and fractures. However, whether primary or non-bone metastatic gastric cancer induces bone loss remains unclear. Here, we collected clinical evidence of bone loss by analyzing serum and X-rays of 25 non-bone metastatic gastric cancer patients. In addition, C57BL mice were injected with the human gastric cancer cell line HGC27 and its effect on bone mass was analyzed by Micro-CT, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the degree of the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured with HGC-27 or SGC-7901 cells was analyzed by colony-formation assay, alizarin red staining, immunofluorescence, qPCR, immunoblotting, and alkaline phosphatase activity assay. These indicated that gastric cancer could damage bone tissue before the occurrence of bone metastases. We also found that cilia formation of MSCs was increased in the presence of HGC27 cells, which was associated with abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.