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The results demonstrate the extrapulmonary distribution of Ti to various maternal organs during pregnancy. Our study found Ti accumulation in the decidua/junctional and labyrinth zones of placentas embedded in all sections of uterine horns. Further, NPs deposited in the placenta, identified by TEM, were found intracellularly within nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum, and vesicle organelles. This study identified the systemic distribution and placental accumulation of Ti after nano-TiO2 aerosol inhalation in a pregnancy model. These findings arouse concerns for poor air quality for pregnant women and possible contributions to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

This study aimed to quantify uterine artery (UtA) blood flow and its hemodynamic components throughout the first trimester of pregnancy using Doppler ultrasound.

Cross-sectional cohort study involving women undergoing a routine ultrasound scan between 5 and 13 weeks' gestation. UtA blood flow was measured using Pulsed-wave Color Doppler to assess blood flow velocity across the cardiac cycle and M-mode Color Power Angio imaging to assess UtA diameter. A formula was applied to calculate systolic and diastolic blood flow volumes according to Poiseuille's equation.

A total of 330 women with a single viable first-trimester pregnancy agreed to participate in this study. A stepwise increase in total UtA blood flow was observed during the first trimester, with significant increases at 7, 8, and 11 weeks. No significant differences in blood flow were observed between right and left UtAs. However, there was a statistically significant difference when comparing the UtA based on higher and lower blood flow, with a mean±SD of 64.4%±10.5% through the former (p<0.001). The increase in the UtA blood flow was secondary to an increase in the blood flow rate between 5 and 10 weeks. A significant increase in UtA diameter was only identified from 11 weeks onwards.

UtA blood flow in the first trimester is asymmetrical, at a constant ratio of ≈21. An interpretive model of the possible origin of this pattern during early pregnancy is proposed.

UtA blood flow in the first trimester is asymmetrical, at a constant ratio of ≈21. An interpretive model of the possible origin of this pattern during early pregnancy is proposed.

Rapid spread of the omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant despite extensive vaccination suggests immune escape. Tyloxapol The neutralising ability of different vaccines alone or with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection against omicron is not well-known.

In this cross-sectional study, we tested the ability of vaccine and natural infection induced antibodies to neutralise omicron variant in a live virus neutralisation assay in four groups of individuals (i) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, (ii) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination plus prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, (iii) vaccination with inactivated virus vaccine (BBV152), and (iv) BBV152 vaccination plus prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary outcome was fold-change in virus neutralisation titre against omicron compared with ancestral virus.

We included 80 subjects. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of the 50% focus reduction neutralisation test (FRNT50) was 380·4 (95% CI 221·1, 654·7) against the ancestral virus with BBV152 vaccination and 379·3 (95% CI 185·6, 775·2) with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination ag ability of both vaccine-induced and vaccine plus infection-induced antibodies was observed for omicron variant which might explain immune escape.

Department of Biotechnology, India; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USA.

Department of Biotechnology, India; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USA.

A national programme to eradicate bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) has been in place in Ireland since 2013. To inform decision making in the end stages of eradication, and support the development of post-eradication surveillance strategies, an understanding of risks of infection in a low prevalence system is required.

A case-control study design was implemented. The study population comprised bovine herds that had calves born and tested negative for BVD virus (BVDV) every year from 2013 to 2019 (n=46,219 herds). We defined cases as herds which had one or more test positive calves for the first time in 2019 (n=204). Controls (n=816) were randomly sampled from the herds which remained test negative in 2019. The effects of herd size, management system, inward movements, including those of potential trojan dams (pregnant animals brought into the herd that could potentially be carrying infected calves in utero), and proximity to herds testing positive in the preceding year, were investigated. Network analysis apprentially pregnant cattle may help target surveillance measures towards the end of the eradication programme.

Our findings suggest that care with biosecurity at farm boundaries and visitors and equipment entering the farm, and avoidance or careful risk assessment of purchasing potentially pregnant animals, may help prevent introduction of BVDV to low-risk herds. At policy level, consideration of herd size, proximity to test positive herds and purchasing patterns of potentially pregnant cattle may help target surveillance measures towards the end of the eradication programme.

Disaster nursing competencies and their willingness to participate are essential for the success of disaster relief nurses. This study investigates the correlations among emergency room and intensive care unit nurses' training needs, willingness to participate, achievement motivation and job satisfaction as well as their mutual influences on disaster relief efforts.

A convenience sampling cross-sectional study was conducted, where 488 emergency room and intensive care unit nurses from five hospitals in Taiwan participated (response rate 84.4%). The relationships among the variables were verified using structural equation modelling.

Training needs in disaster nursing were found to be positively correlated with willingness to participate and job satisfaction. Moreover, willingness to participate was found to be positively correlated with achievement motivation and job satisfaction. Achievement motivation was found to be positively correlated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, willingness to participate i to the progression of disaster relief and postdisaster reconstruction. Successful and effective disaster management relies on sufficient nurse responses and training preparedness. Nurses' willingness to participate and achievement motivation in disaster nursing can have an impact on their job satisfaction and alleviate distress for both themselves and patients for the purpose of disaster relief.

There are indications that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger new onset or relapses of neuro-immunological disease. We report a patient with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) under disease-modifying therapy (DMT) who experienced a relapse of RRMS after mild COVID-19.

The patient is a 27-year-old female with RRMS who developed a third exacerbation of RRMS under DMT two weeks after mild COVID-19. Compared to previous imaging findings, new studies revealed an increase in the lesion load and an enhancing lesion over two segments in the thoracic spine. The patient profited from steroids and replacement of her previous DMT. She tolerated the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination without side effects 6 months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

SARS-CoV-2 infections can be followed by exacerbation of MS and failure of DMT. More arguments in favour than against a causal relation can be raised. Neurologist should remain vigilant for new or relapsing neuro-immunological disease following SARS-CoV-2 infections.

SARS-CoV-2 infections can be followed by exacerbation of MS and failure of DMT. More arguments in favour than against a causal relation can be raised. Neurologist should remain vigilant for new or relapsing neuro-immunological disease following SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Surgery remains the mainstay of glioma therapy and extent of resection is an important prognostic factor. Optimization of surgical outcomes is essential and to this end the technique of resection can potentially play an important role. Based on patterns of glioma growth and extrapolating from other solid cancer surgical principles, a subpial dissection combined with an en-bloc resection (SPER) technique appears to have advantages METHODS We performed a propensity matched analysis comparing gliomas that were resected using SPER versus a standard piecemeal debulking technique at our centre. Potentially confounding factors (including eloquent location, use of intraoperative imaging, surgeon experience) were adjusted for in the matching of the two cohorts. Outcomes included postoperative morbidity and blinded radiological review documented postoperative ischemia (on diffusion weighted MR imaging - DWI) as well as extent of resection.

In 57 gliomas (23 SPER and 34 standard), the gross total resection (GTR) rates were significantly higher with SPER (91 vs 65%). Postoperative DWI revealed significant ischemia in almost 50% of cases in either group, though many did not have postoperative deficits. Arterial ischemia was higher in the standard surgery group and this was associated with a significantly higher risk (seven times) of resulting in prolonged neurological deficits.

SPER is a useful technique which increases the GTR rates in gliomas undergoing resection. It is associated with lower incidence of arterial ischemia in the postoperative period and this can result in improved long term functional outcomes.

SPER is a useful technique which increases the GTR rates in gliomas undergoing resection. It is associated with lower incidence of arterial ischemia in the postoperative period and this can result in improved long term functional outcomes.We report a case of a ruptured aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) communicating artery, which is an extremely rare condition, with only 10 other cases reported in the literature. We repaired the aneurysm by clipping combined with occipital artery-PICA (cortical segment) bypass. This surgical method reduces hemodynamic stress and may prevent recurrence or new occurrence of aneurysms in this region. We recommend this method for repair of instances of PICA communicating artery aneurysm rupture.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy that can be precipitated by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Several studies have shown patients who develop TC following aSAH have an increased risk of disability and mortality. The goal of this study is to examine the incidence of TC in aSAH, identify its risk factors, and analyze its impact on patient outcomes.

Data for patients with aSAH between the years of 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and stratified based on the diagnosis of TC. Univariate analysis was used to assess the incidence of TC and covariates including patient demographics, aneurysmal treatment, in-hospital mortality rate, length of stay and costs. Multivariate logistic regression models analyzed the relationship between TC and these variables RESULTS 80,915 aSAH patient-discharges were included in this study, 673 (0.83%) of which, developed TC. Females (OR 3.49, CI [2.82-4.33], P<0.001), white ethnicity (69% vs 63%, P=0.