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Among the human parasitic diseases, malaria is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. To prevent the high mortality and tracking malaria elimination efforts, a prompt and sensitive diagnosis is essential. This study aimed to compare High-Resolution Melting (HRM) and microscopic methods to diagnose
and
.
Eighty-one blood samples were collected from patients with clinical symptoms who were suspect to malaria in Chabahar district, southeastern Iran and also, from those who were referred to Malaria National Laboratory in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Microscopic examination and HRM method were used to the diagnosis of
parasites simultaneously.
Microscopic results revealed 45 positive cases (12
and 33
) out of 81 collected samples while according to HRM analysis results 11 and 33 samples were identified as
and
, respectively. HRM analysis also revealed 1 mixed infection of
and
HRM analysis provides a promising mean for simultaneous detection and discrimination of the
spp. especially in mixed infection cases.
HRM analysis provides a promising mean for simultaneous detection and discrimination of the Plasmodium spp. especially in mixed infection cases.
Free-living amoeba (FLA) are widely distributed in different environmental sources. The most genera of the amoeba are
,
and
The most common consequences of the infections in immune-deficient and immuno-competent persons are amoebic encephalitis and keratitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of
spp. and
spp., isolated from the main agricultural water canal in Qazvin.
Totally, 120 water specimens were collected and later the specimens were cultured and cloned to identify positive samples. PCR amplification and sequencing were carried out to identify the isolated species as well as the genotypes of amoeba.
According to morphological surveys, 41.7% (50/120) of water specimens were positive for FLA. Molecular analysis revealed that 68.6% and 31.4% of
specimens were identified as T3 and T4 genotypes, respectively. Also, two species of
named as
(57.1%) and
sp. (42.8%) were identified. CCT241533 ic50 The results of pathogenicity assays demonstrated that 38.5% of T3 and 61.5% of T4 genotypes of
were highly pathogenic parasites.
The water flowing in the agricultural canal of the area is contaminated with potential pathogenic FLA, therefore, it is recommended that more attention to be paid towards proper treatment of water sources to prevent possible risk of the disease.
The water flowing in the agricultural canal of the area is contaminated with potential pathogenic FLA, therefore, it is recommended that more attention to be paid towards proper treatment of water sources to prevent possible risk of the disease.
Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis caused by
(
)
complex. Drug-resistant strains have been developed as a consequence of the current chemotherapeutic interventions, which has increased the need for advanced preventive and therapeutic strategies. A2-CPA-CPB
-recombinant strain of
, which is non-pathogenic to humans, was shown protective in live vaccine as well as its DNA vaccine counterpart in both murine and canine models.
We evaluated the effectiveness of these DNA and live vaccination harboring A2-CPA-CPB
in protecting hamsters against
infection using prime-boost regimens, namely DNA/DNA and Live/Live (n=9 hamsters per group). Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLN) were utilized as an adjuvant for DNA priming and electroporation for boosting DNA. At different time points post-challenge, parasite burden and body weight as well as humoral immune responses were measured.
Both immunization strategies partially protect hamsters against
challenge. This protective immunity is associated with remarkable decrease in parasite load in liver and spleen of vaccinated hamsters eight weeks after challenge compared to control group.
Both test groups (DNA/DNA and Live/Live) elicited high levels of IgG2 and total IgG as humoral immune responses and lower level of parasite propagation in both liver and spleen.
Both test groups (DNA/DNA and Live/Live) elicited high levels of IgG2 and total IgG as humoral immune responses and lower level of parasite propagation in both liver and spleen.
We aimed to detect
in ovine aborted fetuses and evaluate its genetic variations in the southwest of Iran.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 aborted ovine fetuses collected from the different region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran, in lambing season during 2017 and 2018. DNA was extracted from the brain samples of all of the aborted fetuses and PCR amplified, targeting a 529 bp repetitive element gene of
. Moreover, to find out the heterogeneity of the positive samples, PCR-DNA amplification of the two main genetic markers, B1 and GRA6, of
were performed. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, using the BLAST program and MEGA-X software.
The 529 bp gene of
was detected in 2 out of 100 (2%) of the ovine aborted samples. The sequences analysis of GRA6 and B1 genes revealed that both isolates from the aborted fetuses of sheep belonged to type I of
Intra-divergence was more seen in GRA6 gene whereas less divergence was observed in B1 gene.
Congenital infection with Type I of
during the neonatal period is associated with abortion in ovine. Evaluation of more aborted samples from broader geographical areas is needed to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and also the genotypes of
associated with abortion.
Congenital infection with Type I of T. gondii during the neonatal period is associated with abortion in ovine. Evaluation of more aborted samples from broader geographical areas is needed to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and also the genotypes of T. gondii associated with abortion.
A supramolecular complex of praziquantel (PZQ) with disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Na
GA) was obtained by mechanochemical technology to increase solubility, absorption rate and hence bioavailability of the drug and reduction its therapeutic doses. The aim of our study was evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy of supramolecular complex of PZQ.
Different samples of PZQ with Na
GA were obtained by mechanochemical processing and examined for some physico-chemical properties. The anthelmintic activity of the most perspective samples was studied on the laboratory model of
infection of mice and
infection of sheep by the results of helminthological necropsy of the small intestines (the controlled test).
A high efficacy (> 98%) of supramolecular complex of PZQ with Na
GA (1/10) was shown at doses of 3; 2 and 1 mg/kg of body weight at single oral administration against
in mice and
in sheep. While the basic PZQ had 27.19% and 36.64% efficacy respectively at the dose of 1 mg/kg. The PZQNa
GA 1/10 physical mixture (without mechanochemical processing) revealed no anthelmintic efficacy.
Joint mechanochemical treatment the PZQ substance and Na
GA led to increased solubility, reduction of particle sizes, amorphization of substance, incorporating it with micelles of glycyrrhizic acid and high anthelmintic efficacy in reduced dose. The supramolecular complex of praziquantel was found to be a perspective anthelminthic with enhanced pharmacological activity that needs further research.
Joint mechanochemical treatment the PZQ substance and Na2GA led to increased solubility, reduction of particle sizes, amorphization of substance, incorporating it with micelles of glycyrrhizic acid and high anthelmintic efficacy in reduced dose. The supramolecular complex of praziquantel was found to be a perspective anthelminthic with enhanced pharmacological activity that needs further research.
The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infect
. Some
isolates are infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. In this study, different strains of double-stranded RNA virus in Iranian isolates of
were evaluated for the first time in Iran.
Vaginal swabs were collected from 1550 participants who were referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from June to November 2018.
isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. After the extraction of nucleic acids using a DNA/RNA extraction kit, RT-PCR was performed and PCR products were purified and sequenced.
In general 9 (0.6%) isolates were confirmed as
among 1550 collected vaginal samples. Among 9 isolates of
, three of them were infected with TVV1. One isolate has multiple infections with
virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) as coinfection. The nucleotide BLAST indicated that the
virus 1(TVV1) isolates were most closely related to TVV1-OC5, TVV1-UR1-1.The
virus 2 (TVV2) sequence had also a similarity with TVV2-UR1-1, TVV2-UR1 and TVV2-OC3. The sequence of
virus 3(TVV3) had similarity with TVV3-OC5, TVV3-UR1-1 and TVV3-UR1.
Three dsRNA viruses
virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) were detected using RT-PCR in
Iranian isolates. The coinfection of TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3 in one isolate of
was observed for the first time in Iran.
Three dsRNA viruses T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) were detected using RT-PCR in T. vaginalis Iranian isolates. The coinfection of TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3 in one isolate of T.vaginalis was observed for the first time in Iran.
In this study, the effect of total lysate antigen (TLA) of
on spleen lymphocyte prolifration, secretion of IL5, INF-γ, and mice survival time was evaluated using agonist of toll-like receptor (TLR) 11, as an adjuvant.
This study was done in the Department of Parasitology and Mycology of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran in 2018. First, different groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with TLA alone and also TLA + TLR11 agonist. Subsequently, factors such as spleen lymphocyte prolifration, IL-5, and INF-γ secretion and mice survival time in different groups were compared.
Mice immunized with TLA + adjuvant showed higher immunization index than the two other groups and combination of TLR11 (as an adjuvant) and TLA significantly elevated the effect of TLA by increasing the production of INF-γ and IL-5 and by the shift of the immune system to Th1. In addition, the combination of TLA and TLR11 adjuvant increased the proliferation of lymphocytes and survival time in mice against
Profilin (as an adjuvant) in combination with TLA could be a potent vaccine candidate that evokes a powerful specific immune response and significantly improves the efficacy of TLA vaccine by increasing the induction of INF-γ production and by shifting the immune responses to Th1 profile through increasing the INF-γ/IL-5 ratio. It causes significant protection against
after i.p. injection.
Profilin (as an adjuvant) in combination with TLA could be a potent vaccine candidate that evokes a powerful specific immune response and significantly improves the efficacy of TLA vaccine by increasing the induction of INF-γ production and by shifting the immune responses to Th1 profile through increasing the INF-γ/IL-5 ratio. It causes significant protection against T. gondii after i.p. injection.
