Thompsonklemmensen1619

We used the approximation error and residual signal at each iteration to extract features that can distinguish the HFOs from any type of artifact regardless of their corresponding source. We validated our model on sixteen subjects with thirty minutes of continuous interictal intracranial EEG recording from each.Main results.We showed that the accuracy of SOZ detection after applying our method was significantly improved. In particular, we achieved a 96.65% classification accuracy in labeled events and a 17.57% improvement in SOZ detection on continuous data. Our sparse representation framework can also distinguish between ripples and fast ripples.Significance.We show that by using a sparse representation approach we can remove the pseudo-HFOs from the pool of events and improve the reliability of detected HFOs in large data sets and minimize manual artifact elimination.Inspired by the sliding behavior of gecko feet during climbing, the contribution of the shear effect to the self-cleaning performance of a bio-inspired micropillar-arrayed surface is studied through a load-shear-pull contact process. It is found that self-cleaning efficiency can be enhanced significantly by shear. Navitoclax The efficiency also depends on microparticle size. For the case of relatively large and small microparticles, self-cleaning efficiency increases first and then almost keeps a constant with the increase of shear distance at different preloads. For medium microparticles, shear can effectively improve self-cleaning efficiency only when the preload is small. The mechanical mechanism under such enhancement is mainly due to the varying contact states between microparticles and micropillars with the shear distance. When the shear distance is large enough, the final self-cleaning efficiency is not sensitive to shear distance anymore because the contact state reaches dynamic equilibrium. Based on such a self-cleaning mechanism of large microparticles, a simple and effective manipulator that can efficiently transfer solid particles is further proposed.Over the past years, 3Din vitromodels have been widely employed in the regenerative medicine field. Among them, organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to elucidate cellular mechanism exploiting multichannel microfluidic devices to establish 3D co-culture systems that offer control over the cellular, physico-chemical and biochemical microenvironments. To deliver the most relevant cues to cells, it is of paramount importance to select the most appropriate matrix for mimicking the extracellular matrix of the native tissue. Natural polymers-based hydrogels are the elected candidates for reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments in musculoskeletal tissue-on-a-chip models owning to their interesting and peculiar physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Despite these advantages, there is still a gap between the biomaterials complexity in conventional tissue engineering and the application of these biomaterials in 3Din vitromicrofluidic models. In this review, the aim is to suggest the adoption of more suitable biomaterials, alternative crosslinking strategies and tissue engineered-inspired approaches in organ-on-a-chip to better mimic the complexity of physiological musculoskeletal tissues. Accordingly, after giving an overview of the musculoskeletal tissue compositions, the properties of the main natural polymers employed in microfluidic systems are investigated, together with the main musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip devices.Crustacean and insect antennal scanning movements have been postulated to increase odorant capture but the exact mechanisms as well as measures of efficiency are wanting. The aim of this work is to test the hypothesis that an increase in oscillation frequency of a simplified insect antenna model translates to an increase of odorant capture, and to quantify by how much and through which mechanism. We approximate the antennal movements of bumblebees, quantified in a previous study, by a vertical oscillatory movement of a cylinder in a homogeneous horizontal flow with odorants. We test our multiphysics flow and mass transfer numerical model with dedicated experiments using particle image velocimetry. A new entire translating experimental measurement setup containing an oil tank enables us to work at appropriate Strouhal and Reynolds numbers. Increasing antennal oscillating frequency does increase the odorant capture rate, up to 200%, proving this behavior being active sensing. This result holds however only up to a critical frequency. A decrease of efficiency characterizes higher frequencies, due to molecules depletion within oversampled regions, themselves defined by overlaying boundary layers. Despite decades of work on thermal and mass transfer studies on oscillating cylinders, no analogy with published cases was found. This is due to the unique flow regimes studied here, resulting from the combination of organ small size and low frequencies of oscillations. A theory for such flow regimes is thus to be developed, with applications to fundamental research on animal perception up to bioinspired olfaction.

Subanesthetic ketamine infusions can elicit rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, yet the potential cognitive impact of ketamine has not been thoroughly examined. This study measured changes in objective and subjective cognitive function following repeated ketamine treatment.

Thirty-eight patients with treatment-resistant depression were administered cognitive assessments before and after undergoing 7 i.v. ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes) within a clinical trial examining the efficacy of single and repeated administrations. Depression severity and perceived concentration were evaluated with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms Self-Report.

Twenty-three participants (60.5%) responded after repeated infusions (≥50% decrease in MADRS total scores). We measured significant improvements in several cognitive domains, including attention, working memory, verbal, and visuospatial memory (effect sizes ranging from Cohen d = 0.37-ential mediating role of response and remission on improved cognitive function accompanying ketamine treatment as well as to examine longer-term safety outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01945047.Objective Techniques to identify monosynaptic connections between neurons have been vital for neuroscience research, facilitating important advancements concerning network topology, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic integration, among others.Approach Here, we introduce a novel approach to identify and monitor monosynaptic connections using high-resolution dendritic spine Ca2+imaging combined with simultaneous large-scale recording of extracellular electrical activity by means of high-density microelectrode arrays.Main results We introduce an easily adoptable analysis pipeline that associates the imaged spine with its presynaptic unit and test it onin vitrorecordings. The method is further validated and optimized by simulating synaptically-evoked spine Ca2+transients based on measured spike trains in order to obtain simulated ground-truth connections.Significance The proposed approach offers unique advantages as (a) it can be used to identify monosynaptic connections with an accurate localization of the synapse within the dendritic tree, (b) it provides precise information of presynaptic spiking, and (c) postsynaptic spine Ca2+signals and, finally, (d) the non-invasive nature of the proposed method allows for long-term measurements. The analysis toolkit together with the rich data sets that were acquired are made publicly available for further exploration by the research community.Rensvold, Shishkova, et al. (2022) apply an integrated systems biology approach spanning proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics to a collection of CRISPR knockout cells targeting 116 distinct human mitochondrial proteins, revealing new mitochondrial biology and guiding orphan disease diagnosis.Zhang et al. (2022) report that itaconate, a mitochondrial metabolite produced by macrophages upon inflammatory stimuli, activates the master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis TFEB to facilitate clearance of invading bacteria and efficient immune response.Transcription-coupled cellular stress is associated with several physiological and pathological features, including membraneless biomolecular condensates. In the study by Yasuhara et al., the authors have described specific nuclear condensates in multiple cell types upon inhibition of RNA polymerase II transcription, discovered their main constituent proteins, and elucidated their functions.Co-first authors Daniel Arango and David Sturgill and principal investigator Shalini Oberdoerffer speak with Molecular Cell about their pursuits of curiosity, challenges to becoming scientists, how the pandemic disrupted social and professional aspects of lab life, and their paper, "Direct epitranscriptomic regulation of mammalian translation initiation through N4-acetylcytidine."The intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous renewal and has an exceptional capacity to regenerate after injury. Maintenance and proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated by their surrounding niche, largely through Wnt signaling. However, it remains unclear which niche cells produce signals during different injury states, and the role of endothelial cells (ECs) as a component of the ISC niche during homeostasis and after injury has been underappreciated. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) reside in proximity to crypt epithelial cells and secrete molecules that support epithelial renewal and repair. LECs are an essential source of Wnt signaling in the small intestine, as loss of LEC-derived Rspo3 leads to a lower number of stem and progenitor cells and hinders recovery after cytotoxic injury. Together, our findings identify LECs as an essential niche component for optimal intestinal recovery after cytotoxic injury.Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) depend on niche factors for their proper function. However, the source of these ISC niche factors and how they support ISCs in vivo remain controversial. Here, we report that ISCs depend on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and RSPO3+GREM1+ fibroblasts (RGFs). In the intestine and colon, LECs are surrounded by RGFs and are located near ISCs at the crypt base. Both LECs and RGFs provide the critical ISC niche factor RSPO3 to support ISCs, where RSPO3 loss in both cell types drastically compromises ISC numbers, villi length, and repair after injury. In response to injury, LEC and RGF numbers expand and produce greater amounts of RSPO3 and other growth/angiocrine factors to foster intestinal repair. We propose that LECs represent a novel niche component for ISCs, which together with RGFs serve as the major in vivo RSPO3 source for ISCs in homeostasis and injury-mediated regeneration.Reprogramming somatic cells into megakaryocytes (MKs) would provide a promising source of platelets. However, using a pharmacological approach to generate human MKs from somatic cells remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report that a combination of four small molecules (4M) successfully converted human cord blood erythroblasts (EBs) into induced MKs (iMKs). The iMKs could produce proplatelets and release functional platelets, functionally resembling natural MKs. Reprogramming trajectory analysis revealed an efficient cell fate conversion of EBs into iMKs by 4M via the intermediate state of bipotent precursors. 4M induced chromatin remodeling and drove the transition of transcription factor (TF) regulatory network from key erythroid TFs to essential TFs for megakaryopoiesis, including FLI1 and MEIS1. These results demonstrate that the chemical reprogramming of cord blood EBs into iMKs provides a simple and efficient approach to generate MKs and platelets for clinical applications.