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ation strategies.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of monogenic diabetes, diagnosed before age 6 months. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, molecular genetics, and long-term follow-up of NDM patients from a single pediatric endocrine center in Israel.

Retrospective study (1975-2020) of all patients diagnosed with diabetes before 6 months of age, who tested negative for pancreatic autoantibodies. Medical records were reviewed for demographic, familial and medical history, and clinical and biochemical features; a genetic analysis was performed.

Of 24 patients, nine had transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM) and 15 permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), of whom five had rare syndromic causes. Genetic etiology was revealed in 87.5% of the NDM cohort, and the most common causes were ABCC8 mutations in TNDM and KCNJ11 and insulin gene mutations in PNDM. The switch from insulin to off-label sulfonylurea therapy was successful for 5/9 (56%) of the qualifying candidates. selleck kinase inhibitor Severe hypoglycemia and diabetic kethan those diagnosed with PNDM, although both show rapid catch-up growth and reached normal growth parameters. Chronic diabetes complications developed in patients with long-standing NDM.Electrostatic gating lies in the heart of field effect transistor (FET) devices and modern integrated circuits. To achieve efficient gate tunability, the gate electrode has to be placed very close to the conduction channel, typically a few nanometers. Remote control of a FET device through a gate electrode located far away is highly desirable, because it not only reduces the complexity of device fabrication, but also enables the design of novel devices with new functionalities. Here, a non-local electrostatic gating effect in graphene devices using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM)-a technique that can probe local charge density in graphene-is reported. Remarkably, the charge density of the graphene region tens of micrometers away from a local gate can be efficiently tuned. The observed non-local gating effect is initially driven by an in-plane electric field induced by the quantum capacitance of graphene, and further largely enhanced by adsorbed polarized water molecules. This study reveals a non-local phenomenon of Dirac electrons, provides a deep understanding of in-plane screening from Dirac electrons, and paves the way for designing novel electronic devices with remote gate control.Li metal is regarded as a promising anode for high-energy-density Li batteries, while the limited cycle life and fast capacity decay caused by notorious Li dendrite growth seriously impedes its application. Herein, a robust and highly lithiophilic bacterial cellulose-derived carbon nanofiber@reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (BC-CNF@rGO) composite scaffold is fabricated as a host for dendrite-free Li metal anode through an in situ biofabrication method. The abundant lithiophilic functional groups, conductive 3D network, and excellent mechanical property can effectively regulate uniform Li nucleation and deposition, enable fast reaction kinetics, and alleviate volume change. As a result, the BC-CNF@rGO skeleton achieves exceptional Li plating/stripping performance with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% over 800 cycles, and a long cycle life span of 5000 h at 2 mA cm-2 @1 mAh cm-2 with a low overpotential of ≈15 mV for lithium plating. Furthermore, full cells coupling BC-CNF@rGO-Li anode with LiFePO4 cathode achieves an unprecedented cycling stability with a long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 1 C. This work sheds light on a promising material design and fabrication strategy for realizing high performance Li metal batteries.Solid-state fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) circumvent multiple formidable bottlenecks of lithium-ion batteries, but their overall performance remains inferior due to the absence of appropriate solid electrolytes. Presently the conductivity of most solid electrolytes for FIBs is too low to enable room-temperature cycling, while the few sufficiently conductive ones only allow for very low discharge voltages because of the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW). Here, high room-temperature conductivity and a decent ESW are simultaneously achieved by designing a solid electrolyte CsPb0.9 K0.1 F2.9 . Its room-temperature conductivity is 1.23 × 10-3 S cm-1 , comparable to the most conductive system reported so far (PbSnF4 , 5.44 × 10-4 -1.6 × 10-3 S cm-1 ), but the ESW is several times broader. With these appealing characteristics simultaneously achieved in the solid electrolyte, a cell with much higher voltages than other room-temperature-operable solid-state FIBs in literature is successfully constructed, and stably cycled at 25 °C for 4581 h without considerable capacity fade.Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) can cause black rot in cruciferous plants worldwide. Two-component systems (TCSs) are key for bacterial adaptation to various environments, including hosts. VemR is a TCS response regulator and crucial for Xcc motility and virulence. Here, we report that RavA is the cognate histidine kinase (HK) of VemR and elucidate the signalling pathway by which VemR regulates Xcc motility and virulence. Genetic analysis showed that VemR is epistatic to RavA. Using bacterial two-hybrid experiments and pull-down and phosphorylation assays, we found that RavA can interact with and phosphorylate VemR, suggesting that RavA is the cognate HK of VemR. In addition, we found that RpoN2 and FleQ are epistatic to VemR in regulating bacterial motility and virulence. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that VemR interacts with FleQ but not with RpoN2. RavA/VemR regulates the expression of the flagellin-encoding gene fliC by activating the transcription of the rpoN2-vemR-fleQ and flhF-fleN-fliA operons. In summary, our data show that the RavA/VemR TCS regulates FleQ activity and thus influences the expression of motility-related genes, thereby affecting Xcc motility and virulence. The identification of this novel signalling pathway will deepen our understanding of Xcc-plant interactions.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the salivary load of SARS-CoV-2.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 100 participants positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the test group (n=50), volunteers gargled with a mouthwash containing 15ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for 1min, while the control group (n=50) used a placebo. Saliva samples were obtained before (baseline) and 5 and 60min after using the solutions. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays (qRT-PCR) were carried out and the cycle threshold (Ct) was computed. The chi-square test and t-test were used for group comparison (p≤0.05).

The differences in Ct values between the 5-min evaluation and baseline (test group 2.19±4.30; control -0.40±3.87, p=0.002) and between 60min and baseline (test group 2.45±3.88; control 0.76±4.41, p=0.05) were significantly greater in the test group, revealing a reduction of viral load. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the load of SARS-CoV-2 in 72% of the volunteers using chlorhexidine versus 30% in the control group (p=0.001).

Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) was effective in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 load for at least 60min.

Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) was effective in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 load for at least 60 min.

Retrodiscal transforaminal (RdTF) epidural steroid injection (ESI) is clinically comparable to conventional transforaminal ESI and can avoid catastrophic complications. However, it poses a risk of inadvertent intradiscal, intravascular, and intrathecal injections. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) using the contralateral (Contra)-RdTF approach.

The electronic medical records of 332 patients with unilateral lumbar radiculopathy due to foraminal disk pathology were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups Group A (ESI using the RdTF approach) and Group B (PEA using the Contra-RdTF approach). Effective pain relief (EPR; ≥50% pain relief from baseline) in patients was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) at 4 and 12weeks after the procedure. The presence of unintended fluoroscopic findings and complications was recorded.

A total of 119 patients were enrolled in the final analysis 81 in Group A and 38 in Group B. Both groups showed lesser VAS scores after 4 and 12weeks than at baseline (p<0.05). However, the proportion of patients with EPR was significantly greater in Group B after 12weeks (p=0.015). No complications, including intrathecal injection, infectious discitis, and neurologic deterioration, were reported. However, inadvertent intradiscal and intravascular injections were reported to be significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (14.8% and 0%, respectively; p=0.009).

Although applications of this study are limited by its retrospective design, the results suggest that PEA using the Contra-RdTF approach is feasible because it can achieve EPR and avoid unintended fluoroscopic findings.

Although applications of this study are limited by its retrospective design, the results suggest that PEA using the Contra-RdTF approach is feasible because it can achieve EPR and avoid unintended fluoroscopic findings.Finding convenient ways for the stereoselective α-sialylation is important due to the high practical significance of α-sialic acid-containing glycans and neoglycoconjugates. It was proposed that sialylation stereoselectivity is determined by the structure of the sialyl cation (also known in biochemistry as "sialosyl cation"), a supposed intermediate in this reaction. Here we design a new approach for studying the conformational space of highly flexible sialyl cation and find 1625 unique conformers including those stabilized by covalent remote participation (also known as long-range participation) of 4-O-acetyl (4-OAc), 5-N-trifluoroacetyl (5-NTFA), as well as 7,8,9-OAc from both α and β sides. The most energetically stable sialyl cation conformers are featured by 4-OAc participation, closely followed by 5-NTFA- and 7-OAc-stabilized conformers; unstabilized sialyl cation conformers are ∼10 kcal mol-1 less stable than the 4-OAc-stabilized ones. Analysis of all the obtained conformers by means of substituents positions, side chain conformations and ring puckering led us to a new "eight-conformer hypothesis" which describes interconversions among the most important sialyl cation conformers and predicts that stronger remote participation of acyl groups favors β-anomers. Thus, selective synthesis of the desired α-sialosides requires minimization of acyl groups participation.Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in the environment and wastewater treatment systems, many of which are also important pollutant degraders and are difficult to control by traditional disinfection approaches, have become an unprecedented treat to ecological security and human health. Here, we propose the adoption of genetic editing techniques as a highly targeted, efficient and simple tool to control the risks of environmental pathogens at the source. An 'all-in-one' plasmid system was constructed in Aeromonas hydrophila to accurately identify and selectively inactivate multiple key virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance genes via base editing, enabling significantly suppressed bacterial virulence and resistance without impairing their normal phenotype and pollutant-degradation functions. Its safe application for bioaugmented treatment of synthetic textile wastewater was also demonstrated. This genetic-editing technique may offer a promising solution to control the health risks of environmental microorganisms via targeted gene inactivation, thereby facilitating safer application of water treatment biotechnologies.