Nguyengrace8847
Body weight gain and organ weights were measured as general toxicological indices. The toxicity of size A and size B NPs proved to be stronger compared to size C NPs, seen most clearly in decreased body weight gain and altered spontaneous cortical activity, which were also well correlated to the internal Mn dose. Our results showed strong effect of size on NP toxicity, thus, beyond inappropriateness of toxicity data of micrometer-sized particles in evaluation of NP exposure, differentiation within the nano range may be necessary.To examine the effects of micro mist sauna bathing, produced by water crushing method, we exposed ten male subjects to five cases of micro mist sauna, namely (1) room temperature (RT) 38 °C with 100 % (actually 91 %) relative humidity (RH), (2) RT 41.5 °C with 80 % (actually 81 %) RH, (3) RT 41.5 °C with 100 % (actually 96 %) RH, (4) RT 45.0 °C with 64 % (actually 61 %) RH, and (5) RT 45.0 °C with 100 % (actually 86 %) RH, and measured tympanic temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate (HR), and cheek moisture content, as well as ratings of thermal and sweating sensation tympanic temperatures at RT 45 °C were significantly higher at 86 % RH than those at 61 % RH; however, those at RT 45 °C with 61 % RH were higher than those with 86 % RH during recovery. There were no significant differences at RT 41.5 °C between with 81 % RH and with 96 % RH. Mean skin temperature was the highest at RT 45 °C 86 % RH case, followed by at RT 41.5 °C 96 % RH, RT 45 °C 61 % RH, RT 41.5 °C 81 % RH, and finally at RT 38 °C 91 sauna bathing than the conventional mist sauna bathing. In addition, micro mist sauna is as effective for heating the human subjects as bathtub bathing as well as more moderate thermal and sweating sensations.We report an isotope-encoding method coupled with carboxyl-group footprinting to monitor protein conformational changes. The carboxyl groups of aspartic/glutamic acids and of the C-terminus of proteins can serve as reporters for protein conformational changes when labeled with glycine ethyl ester (GEE) mediated by carbodiimide. In the new development, isotope-encoded "heavy" and "light" GEE are used to label separately the two states of the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) from cyanobacteria. Two samples are mixed (11 ratio) and analyzed by a single LC-MS/MS experiment. The differences in labeling extent between the two states are represented by the ratio of the "heavy" and "light" peptides, providing information about protein conformational changes. Combining isotope-encoded MS quantitative analysis and carboxyl-group footprinting reduces the time of MS analysis and improves the sensitivity of GEE and other footprinting.Post-plasma ambient desorption/ionization (ADI) sources are fundamentally dependent on surrounding water vapor to produce protonated analyte ions. There are two reports of humidity effects on ADI spectra. However, it is unclear whether humidity will affect all ADI sources and analytes, and by what mechanism humidity affects spectra. Flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) ionization and direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectra of various surface-deposited and gas-phase analytes were acquired at ambient temperature and pressure across a range of observed humidity values. A controlled humidity enclosure around the ion source and mass spectrometer inlet was used to create programmed humidity and temperatures. The relative abundance and fragmentation of molecular adduct ions for several compounds consistently varied with changing ambient humidity and also were controlled with the humidity enclosure. For several compounds, increasing humidity decreased protonated molecule and other molecular adduct ion fragmentation in both FAPA and DART spectra. For others, humidity increased fragment ion ratios. The effects of humidity on molecular adduct ion fragmentation were caused by changes in the relative abundances of different reagent protonated water clusters and, thus, a change in the average difference in proton affinity between an analyte and the population of water clusters. Control of humidity in ambient post-plasma ion sources is needed to create spectral stability and reproducibility.A multimodal mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) based approach was used to characterize the molecular content of crystal-like structures in a frozen and paraffin embedded piece of a formalin-fixed rabbit kidney. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging were combined to analyze the frozen and paraffin embedded sample without further preparation steps to remove the paraffin. The investigated rabbit kidney was part of a study on a drug compound in development, in which severe renal toxicity was observed in dosed rabbits. Histological examination of the kidney showed tubular degeneration with precipitation of crystal-like structures in the cortex, which were assumed to cause the renal toxicity. The MS imaging approach was used to find out whether the crystal-like structures were composed of the drug compound, metabolites, or an endogenous compound as a reaction to the drug administration. The generated MALDI-MSI data were analyzed using principal component analysis. selleck compound In combination with the MS/MS results, this way of data processing demonstrates that the crystal structures were mainly composed of metabolites and relatively little parent drug.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) loss as measured by (18)F-fluorinated-N-3-fluoropropyl-2-b-carboxymethoxy-3-b-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ([(18)F]FP-CIT) PET differs according to the metabolic subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA) as assessed by [(18)F]FDG PET.
This retrospective study included 50 patients with clinically diagnosed MSA who underwent [(18)F]FP-CIT and [(18)F]FDG brain PET scans. The PET images were analysed using 12 striatal subregional volume-of-interest templates (bilateral ventral striatum, anterior caudate, posterior caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen, and ventral putamen). The patients were classified into three metabolic subtypes according to the [(18)F]FDG PET findings MSA-Pm (striatal hypometabolism only), MSA-mixedm (both striatal and cerebellar hypometabolism), and MSA-Cm (cerebellar hypometabolism only). The subregional glucose metabolic ratio (MRgluc), subregional DAT binding ratio (BRDAT), and intersubregional ratio (ISRDAT; defined as the BRDAT ratio of one striatal subregion to that of another striatal subregion) were compared according to metabolic subtype.
Of the 50 patients, 13 presented with MSA-Pm, 16 presented with MSA-mixedm, and 21 presented with MSA-Cm. The BRDAT of all striatal subregions in the MSA-Pm and MSA-mixedm groups were significantly lower than those in the MSA-Cm group. The posterior putamen/anterior putamen ISRDAT and anterior putamen/ventral striatum ISRDAT in the MSA-Pm and MSA-mixedm groups were significantly lower than those in the MSA-Cm group.
Patients with MSA-Pm and MSA-mixedm showed more severe DAT loss in the striatum than patients with MSA-Cm. Patients with MSA-Cm had more diffuse DAT loss than patients with MSA-Pm and MSA-mixedm.
Patients with MSA-Pm and MSA-mixedm showed more severe DAT loss in the striatum than patients with MSA-Cm. Patients with MSA-Cm had more diffuse DAT loss than patients with MSA-Pm and MSA-mixedm.
To evaluate the influence of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in comparison to CT alone on treatment decisions in patients with advanced melanoma and to analyse the 5-year survival data in comparison to literature data.
Therapy management in 64 consecutive patients (primary staging n = 52; surveillance n = 12) with stage III/IV melanoma who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT between 2004 and 2005 in our department was retrospectively analysed. Treatment decisions were made by two dermatooncologists for each patient twice, first based on the CT results and then based on the PET/CT results. Therapy changes based on the PET/CT results were classified as "major" (e.g. change from metastasectomy to systemic therapy) or "minor" (e.g. change from first to second line chemotherapy). The 5-year survival data of different patient cohorts were calculated.
In the 52 patients in the primary staging group, the results of (18)F-FDG PET/CT led to therapy change in 59% and a major therapy change in 52%. (18)F-FDG PET/CT led to the avoidance ofleading to higher diagnostic accuracy and enabling individualized therapeutic management, especially optimal patient selection for metastasectomy. This strategy may extend long-term survival even in patients with advanced disease.Severe bacterial infections may have a prolonged negative effect on subsequent functional status and health-related quality of life. We studied hospitalized patients for changes in functional status and quality of life within 1 year of community-acquired bacteraemia in comparison to blood-culture-negative controls. In a prospectively conducted matched cohort study at Aalborg University Hospital, north Denmark, during 2011-2014, we included 71 medical inpatients with first-time community-acquired bacteraemia. For each bacteraemia patient, we matched one blood-culture-negative inpatient control on age and gender. Functional status and quality of life before and after hospitalization were assessed by Barthel-20 and EuroQol-5D questionnaires. We computed the 3-month and 1-year risk for any deterioration in Barthel-20 score and EuroQol-5D index score, and for a deterioration of ≥10 points in EuroQol-5D visual analogue scale score, and used regression analyses to assess adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% CIs. Compared with controls, bacteraemia was associated with an increased 3-month risk for deterioration in functional status as assessed by Barthel-20 score (14% versus 3% with deterioration, adjusted RR 5.1; 95% CI 1.2-22.3). The difference was less after 1 year (11% versus 7% with deterioration, adjusted RR 1.6; 95% CI 0.5-4.5). After 3 months, quality of life had become worse in 37% of bacteraemia patients and 28% of controls by EuroQol-5D index score (adjusted RR 1.3; 95% CI 0.8-2.1), with similar findings after 1 year and by visual analogue scale. In conclusion, community-acquired bacteraemia is associated with increased risk for subsequent deterioration in functional status compared with blood-culture-negative controls, and with a high risk for deterioration in quality of life.
To investigate the characteristics and 6-month treatment outcome of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in patients aged <50years.
This retrospective study included 22 eyes from 22 patients who were <50years old and had been diagnosed with treatment naïve PCV. Analyses of treatment outcome were performed in eyes treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Eyes that exhibited submacular hemorrhage of ≥1 disc diameter and involving the fovea were included in the hemorrhage group. The remaining eyes were included in the no-hemorrhage group. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was compared with that at 6months within each group.
The mean age of the 22 patients was 46.5 ± 1.8 (range, 43-49) years. Submacular hemorrhage was noted in ten eyes (45.5%). The presence of drusen was noted in one eye and pseudodrusen was not noted in any of the eyes included. Treatment outcome was analyzed in 18 eyes. A mean number of 2.9 ± 0.5 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were administered during the 6-month follow-up period.
