Flindtyu8447

In this study, we investigate the coupling of an internal field (defect field-sp3 bonds and nanopores) and an external field (strain and temperature). Simultaneously, we provide a design idea of hybrid materials. The mechanical properties of hybrid materials under the condition of internal and external field coupling were studied. When nanopores and sp3 bonds are considered simultaneously, we found that internal (sp3 bonds and defects) and external field (temperature and strain fields) have a negative chain reaction on the mechanical properties of BN-graphene-BN/BN vertically-stacked nanostructures, and the negative chain reaction will gradually increase with the change in parameters (such as the increase in temperature). The sp3 bonds can be regarded as a special defect, which will increase the initial strain of the system. In addition, the mechanical properties of the nanostructure, containing square nanopores in the boron nitride region are most sensitive to temperature change, relative to the nanopore in the other two regions. Atoms (around square nanopores) are more likely to overcome the binding energy and lose stability from the inherent equilibrium position, relative to that of circular nanopores.We employ a combined density functional theory (DFT) and experimental approach to screen different elements (M) and Pt3M alloys (M = Sc, Y, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au and Al) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability. The results of the calculations are validated using a series of carbon supported alloy nanoparticles measured within membrane electrode assembly (MEA) environments. We assess the reliability of descriptors such as surface d-band centre and O adsorption energy as computed from DFT calculations. We also assess the stability of the alloy surfaces under different adsorbate environments as encountered under ORR conditions. Our calculations predict that under an oxygen atmosphere segregation of M to the surface is likely to occur. The calculated segregation energies correlate reasonably well with the amount of base metal leached in the carbon-supported catalysts and good correlation of computed O adsorption energies with ORR activity is also shown.We report the structure of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in a imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) salt, as determined using Raman spectroscopy, high-energy X-ray total scattering (HEXTS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The Raman spectral study indicated that the TFSA anions bound to Li ions are desolvated when PEG is added to the LiTFSA/IL solution to form stable Li+-PEG complexes. Via quantitative analysis of the obtained Raman spectra, the desolvation number of the TFSA [nd, per one oxygen atom of the ethylene glycol unit (Opeg)] was determined to be ∼0.4, irrespective of the shape (star or linear) and molecular weight of the polymer. On the basis of radial distribution functions obtained from the HEXTS experiments and MD simulations, we demonstrated that the Li+-PEG complexation induces a conformational change of the PEG chain from gauche/anti-conformers to a syn conformer. This Li+-coordination-induced conformation resulted in a decrease in the radius of gyration (Rg) of the PEG chain, implying a folding behavior of polymer chains through multiple OpegLi+Opeg interactions.Salmonella enterica serovar Wangata is an important pathogen in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The incidence of S. Wangata is increasing and transmission is suspected to be via a non-food source. A recent outbreak investigation of sources of S. Wangata recovered isolates from humans, domestic animals, wildlife and the environment. Here, we extend that investigation by characterising and describing the genomic determinates of these isolates. We found that Australian S. Wangata isolates from different sources exhibited similar virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles. There were no major genomic differences between isolates obtained from different geographical regions within Australia or from different host species. In addition, we found evidence (low number of SNPs and identical virulence gene profiles) suggestive of an international transmission event between Australia and the United Kingdom. This study supports the hypothesis that S. Wangata is shared between different hosts in NSW, Australia and provides strong justification for the continued use of genomic surveillance of Salmonella.PaV1 is a pathogenic virus found only to infect Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus, a major fishing resource. P. argus is a benthic mesopredator and has a complex life history, with several ontogenetic habitat changes. Habitat characteristics and species diversity of surrounding communities may have implications for disease dynamics. This is of more concern for juvenile lobsters, which are more susceptible to PaV1 and are far less mobile than adult lobsters. We targeted a population of juvenile P. argus in a reef lagoon in Mexico, where PaV1 was first observed in 2001. Prevalence has been since irregularly assessed, but in 2016 we began a more systematic assessment, with two sampling periods per year (June and November) in three different zones of the reef lagoon. To examine the relationship between PaV1 prevalence and potential ecological determinants, we assessed habitat complexity, cover of different substrates, and invertebrate community composition in all zones during the first four sampling periods (June and November 2016 and 2017). Habitat complexity and percent cover of some substrates varied with zone and sampling period. This was the case for seagrass and macroalgae, which nevertheless were the dominant substrates. The invertebrate community composition varied with sampling period, but not with zone. Probability of infection decreased with increasing lobster size, consistent with previous studies, but was not affected by zone (i.e., variations in ecological characteristics did not appear to be sufficiently large so as to influence prevalence of PaV1). click here This result possibly reflects the dominance of marine vegetation and suggests that lobsters can be sampled throughout the reef lagoon to assess PaV1 prevalence. Prevalence was higher in only one of seven sampling periods (November 2017), suggesting that the pathogen has leveled off to an enzootic level.