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The purpose of this analysis was to compare the age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs) of breast cancer in Australia and Japan to determine the appropriateness of national screening target age groups.
The paper is based on secondary sources of data. The ASIRs in 2006-2015 were collected from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and the National Cancer Center Japan. Descriptive analysis was performed for a comparison of ASIRs between Australia and Japan by age and over time. Percentage change, rolling average and risk ratio were calculated for further analysis.
In Australia, ASIRs rose sharply from age 40 years and peaked at 65-69 years. Japanese data demonstrated a considerable increase each year and two peaks were recorded, at ages 45-49 and 60-64. The ASIRs after age 65 decreased with age in Japan but increased with age in Australia. The ASIRs of women aged 40-49 was lowest among Australian women and the highest among Japanese women, while they had similar ASIRs in the direct comparative analysis.
The screening age range of Australian and Japanese national breast cancer screening guidelines covers incidence peak ages in each country and therefore provides benefit for cancer screening. Our findings also indicated that further evidence is required to investigate the inclusion of Japanese migrant women in Australia aged 40-49 years into the screening target and the BCI rates of post-migrant women in Australia as different migrant groups have different ASIRs. This is to ensure that the groups of women with the highest cancer incidence are appropriately covered in screening programs.<br />.
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To investigate the use of glutamine administered orally during Methotrexate chemotherapy to prevent oral mucositis and reduce hospital costs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Twenty-four children received oral glutamine (400 mg/kg body weight per day) and twenty four received placebo on days of chemotherapy administration and for at least 14 additional days. Oral mucositis was graded daily at each day of treatment till completion of therapy. The study groups were compared for the oral mucositis development using the WHO scale.
Oral mucositis occurred in 4.2 % of the glutamine group and 62.5% in the placebo group. The use of glutamine was directly associated with prevention of oral mucositis than placebo (OR 0,026; 95% CI 0,003-0,228). The duration of length hospital stay was lower in the glutamine group than in the placebo group ((8 vs 12 days); p = 0,005). Hospital cost per day for glutamine group was 40 USD per day while placebo group was 48 USD per day.
There was significant difference in the prevention of oral mucositis by oral glutamine vs placebo. The hospital cost for glutamine supplementation was lower than control group.
There was significant difference in the prevention of oral mucositis by oral glutamine vs placebo. The hospital cost for glutamine supplementation was lower than control group.
This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking.
A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 146 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were used; and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. The respective associations between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors.
Fruit intake and stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association when this became non-significant after adjusting for H. pylori infection (OR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.22-1.12, p trend = 0.094). Stratifying by H. pylori status returned a negative trend for fruit intake and stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.21, 95%CI 0.06-0.69, p trend = 0.010), but no significant interaction for H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.21-2.68, p trend = 0.670). Vegetable intake and stomach cancer showed no association, regardless of H. pylori status. Compared to ever-smokers with low intake, never-smokers with high vegetable (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.95) and fruit intake (OR = 0.20, 95%CI 0.06-0.65) showed the lowest odds of stomach cancer.
Fruit, but not vegetable, intake showed a weak inverse association with stomach cancer. H. pylori infection and tobacco-smoking status may influence the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on stomach cancer.<br />.
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Understanding factors causing variation in family physicians/general practitioners (GPs) screening knowledge, understanding and support of organised population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) programs can direct interventions that maximise the influence of a CRC screening recommendation from a GP. This study aims to assess contextual factors that influence knowledge and quality improvement (QI) practice directed to CRC screening in Australian general practice.
A convenience sample of anonymous general practice staff from all Australian states and territories completed a web-based survey. Multivariate analyses assessed the association between CRC screening knowledge and QI-CRC practice scores and patient, organisational and environmental-level contextual factors. Dasatinib supplier Results Of 1,013 survey starts, 918 respondents (90.6%) completed the survey. Respondents less likely to recommend FOBT screening had lower knowledge and QI practice scores directed to CRC screening. Controlling for individual and practice characteristics, respondents' rating of the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) support for preventive care, attending external education, and sufficient practice resources to implement QI practice (generally) were the strongest factors associated with QI practice directed towards CRC screening. Knowledge scores were less amenable to the influence of contextual factors explored.
More active engagement of family medicine/general practice to improve screening promotion could be achieved through better QI resourcing without changing the fundamental design of population-based CRC screening programs.
More active engagement of family medicine/general practice to improve screening promotion could be achieved through better QI resourcing without changing the fundamental design of population-based CRC screening programs.
