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Our results suggest that Wxmw is a promising allele to improve grain quality, especially ECQ and grain transparency of high-yielding japonica cultivars, in rice breeding programs.An organocatalytic atroposelective strategy for accessing enantioenriched axially chiral IAN analogues was developed for the first time. A class of novel atropisomeric C2-arylquinoline skeletons were synthesized with high enantiocontrol via chiral phosphoric-acid-catalyzed heteroannulation of in situ generated vinylidene ortho-quinone methide (VQM) intermediates with ortho-aminophenones. The strategy tolerated a broad substrate scope, providing a facile organocatalytic approach to IAN analogues in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this methodology was illustrated through further transformations into IAN-type ligand and axially chiral thiourea.
Secular trends of dementia prevalence and incidence have rarely been studied in the Chinese population.
We examined the changes in dementia prevalence and incidence by comparing data from Shanghai Epidemiological Survey of Dementia and Alzheimer's disease (SESD) and Shanghai Aging Study (SAS) conducted two decades apart.
The dementia prevalence and incidence in total participants in SAS were higher than that in SESD (prevalence 6.44% vs 2.30%, P<.001; annual incidence 2.58% vs 1.33%, P<.001). In participants with ≤6 years of education, the dementia prevalence in SAS was higher than that in SESD (6.39% vs 3.07%, P<.001); the annual dementia incidence in SAS was double that in SESD (3.63% vs 1.80%, P=.019).
We observed an increasing trend of dementia prevalence and incidence in the Chinese elderly, especially those with low education. The dramatic rise in numbers of people with dementia may happen most likely in low-educated populations.
We observed an increasing trend of dementia prevalence and incidence in the Chinese elderly, especially those with low education. The dramatic rise in numbers of people with dementia may happen most likely in low-educated populations.The tambjamines are a small group of bipyrrolic alkaloids that, collectively, display a significant range of biological activities including antitumor, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive properties. The key objective of the present study was to undertake preclinical assessments of tambjamine J (T-J) so as to determine its in vivo antitumor effects. To that end, sarcoma 180 cells were transplanted in mice and the impacts of the title compound then evaluated using a range of protocols including hematological, biochemical, histopathological, genotoxic and clastogenic assays. As a result it was established that this alkaloid has a significant therapeutic window and effectively reduces tumor growth (by 40 % and 79 % at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively). In this regard it displays similar antitumor activity to the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide and alters animal weight in an analogous manner.A novel family of nanocarbon-based materials was designed, synthesized, and probed within the context of charge-transfer cascades. We integrated electron-donating ferrocenes with light-harvesting/electron-donating (metallo)porphyrins and electron-accepting graphene nanoplates (GNP) into multicomponent conjugates. To control the rate of charge flow between the individual building blocks, we bridged them via oligo-p-phenyleneethynylenes of variable lengths by β-linkages and the Prato-Maggini reaction. With steady-state absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and XPS measurements we realized the basic physico-chemical characterization of the photo- and redox-active components and the multicomponent conjugates. Entinostat cost Going beyond this, we performed transient absorption measurements and corroborated by single wavelength and target analyses that the selective (metallo)porphyrin photoexcitation triggers a cascade of charge transfer events, that is, charge separation, charge shift, and charge recombination, to enable the directed charge flow. The net result is a few nanosecond-lived charge-separated state featuring a GNP-delocalized electron and a one-electron oxidized ferrocenium.
Edible bird nest (EBN) is a natural food product produced from edible nest swiftlet's saliva which consists of glycoproteins as one of its main components; these glycoproteins contain an abundant of sialic acid. The dietary EBN supplementation has been reported to enhance brain functions in mammals and that the bioactivities and nutritional value of EBN are important during periods of rapid brain growth particularly for preterm infant. However, the effects of EBN in maternal on multigeneration learning and memory function still remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effects of maternal EBN supplementation on learning and memory function of their first (F1)- and second (F2)-generation mice.
CJ57BL/6 breeder F0 mice were fed with EBN (10mg/kg) from different sources. After 6weeks of diet supplementations, the F0 animals were bred to produce F1 and F2 animals. At 6weeks of age, the F1 and F2 animals were tested for spatial recognition memory using a Y-maze test. The sialic acid content from EBN and brain gene expression were analyzed using HPLC and PCR, respectively.
All EBN samples contained glycoprotein with high level of sialic acid. Dietary EBN supplementation also showed an upregulation of GNE, ST8SiaIV, SLC17A5, and BDNF mRNA associated with an improvement in Y-maze cognitive performance in both generations of animal. Qualitatively, the densities of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal were higher in the F1 and F2 animals which might derive from maternal EBN supplementation.
This study provided a solid foundation toward the growing research on nutritional intervention from dietary EBN supplementation on cognitive and neurological development in the generation of mammals.
This study provided a solid foundation toward the growing research on nutritional intervention from dietary EBN supplementation on cognitive and neurological development in the generation of mammals.
