Dowdmckenzie1337

Alleles associated with one of the diapause phenotypes tend to be more common at higher latitudes, but these alleles do not show predictable seasonal variation. The collective signal of many small-effect, clinally varying SNPs can plausibly explain latitudinal variation in diapause seen in North America. Alleles associated with diapause are segregating in Zambia, suggesting that variation in diapause relies on ancestral polymorphisms, and both pro- and anti-diapause alleles have experienced selection in North America. Finally, we utilized outdoor mesocosms to track diapause under natural conditions. We found that hybrid swarms reared outdoors evolved increased propensity for diapause in late fall, whereas indoor control populations experienced no such change. Our results indicate that diapause is a complex, quantitative trait with different evolutionary patterns across time and space.Increasing people's willingness to donate organs after their death requires effective communication strategies. In two preregistered studies, we assessed whether humorous entertainment education formats on organ donation elicit positive effects on knowledge, fears, attitudes, and behavioral intentions-both immediately after the treatment and four weeks later. We test whether perceived funniness mediates expected effects on attitudes and intentions. Study 1 is a quasi-experiment which uses a live medical comedy show (N = 3,964) as an entertainment education format, which either contained or did not contain information about organ donation. Study 2, a lab experiment, tests humor's causal effect in a pre-post design with a control group (N = 144) in which the same content was provided in either a humorous or non-humorous way in an audio podcast. Results showed that humorous interventions per se were not more effective than neutral information, but that informing people about organ donation in general increased donation intentions, attitudes, and knowledge. However, humorous interventions were especially effective in reducing fears related to organ donation. The findings are discussed regarding the opportunities for sensitive health communication through entertainment education formats, psychological processes that humor triggers, and humor's role in health communication formats.Introducción Los abscesos cerebrales son una urgencia neurológica grave con alto riesgo de déficit neurológico permanente. Son patologías raras en la edad pediátrica, con una incidencia anual de 0.5 por 100,000 niños. Se han realizado pocos estudios de abscesos cerebrales de origen odontogénico y la mayoría de los pacientes son adultos con patología dental de base. Eikenella corrodens es un cocobacilo gramnegativo anaerobio facultativo de crecimiento fastidioso, que forma parte de la biota de la cavidad oral, pero es un patógeno frecuente en infecciones de cabeza y cuello, así como en infecciones dentales. Caso clínico Paciente de sexo masculino de 16 años, previamente sano, que presentó cefalea de 2 meses de evolución acompañada de náuseas y vómitos. Antecedente de extracción del cuarto molar superior derecho 4 meses antes, sin uso de profilaxis antibiótica. La resonancia magnética de cráneo mostró una lesión compatible con absceso cerebral. Se realizó drenaje por punción guiada por estereotaxia, del que se aisló E. corrodens. El paciente completó un tratamiento con ceftriaxona y metronidazol por vía intravenosa durante 4 semanas y ampicilina-sulbactam por vía oral por 2 semanas más. Sotuletinib mTOR inhibitor Conclusiones Los abscesos cerebrales de origen odontogénico causados por E. corrodens en la edad pediátrica son muy raros. Actualmente, el uso de antibióticos profilácticos en procedimientos dentales es controversial, ya que se ha documentado el aumento de la resistencia microbiana por su uso indiscriminado. La optimización de los estudios diagnósticos y el tratamiento multidisciplinario han mejorado el pronóstico de los pacientes con absceso cerebral.BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of macular micro-field characteristics with vision and visual field in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective case analysis was performed. Fifty-eight NAION patients with 62 affected eyes were included in the study. In addition, 54 eyes not affected by NAION from 54 patients among the 58 patients were included as controls. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, visual field examination, and microperimetry. BCVA was converted into logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) for statistical analysis. There was no significant difference in age, sex, eye type, or intraocular pressure between the 2 groups. The macular integrity assessment (MAIA) instrument was used for microperimetry. Mean light sensitivity (microMS) in the 10° macular region and the fixation rates for macular fovea 2° and 4° were recorded. Spearman correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS The microMS values were significantly different between the control group and the affected eye group (t=-2.427, P=0.036). MicroMS was significantly correlated with logMAR BCVA (r=-0.802, P=-0.005) and with mean sensitivity (MS) and mean deviation (MD) (r=0.912, P=0.002; r=-0.905, P=0.002; P less then 0.05). MS and MD were not correlated with logMAR BCVA (r=-0.465, P=0.245; r=0.437, P=0.278). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that microMS of macular micro-visual field in NAION patients was significantly decreased at early stage, and was significantly correlated with and consistent with visual acuity and visual field.BACKGROUND Streptococcus thoraltensis is a rare cause of human disease. This report describes a patient with infective endocarditis caused by S. thoraltensis and complicated by ischemic stroke. CASE REPORT A 68-year-old man was admitted for a 12-day duration of fever. He had a history of severe aortic valve stenosis, for which he underwent prosthetic valve replacement, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Echocardiography revealed vegetation attached to the right coronary cusp of the prosthetic aortic valve and rupture of the sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle. Blood cultures were positive for S. thoraltensis. He experienced an ischemic stroke involving the vegetation of the aortic valve and died of acute heart failure. CONCLUSIONS S. thoraltensis may be considered an emerging pathogen in patients with infective endocarditis.