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COX-2 labelling was predominantly cytoplasmic, but some tumours had concurrent membranous and/or perinuclear labelling. SCCs with membranous labelling had a significantly higher MC (P = 0.028). A significantly higher proportion of SCCs were negative for E-cadherin compared with papillomas (P = 0.042), but there was no significant difference between well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs. Fourteen papillomas and SCCs from psittacines were also tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus 1 and Psittacid herpesvirus 1, but all samples tested negative. We demonstrate for the first time the expression of COX-2 and E-cadherin in avian tissues, and suggest that these markers may be useful in differentiating papillomas from SCCs, particularly when sample size is small. Oomycetes are water moulds in the kingdom Protista and are not considered true fungi due to the structural lack of chitin and ergosterol. Many oomycetes are pathogenic, such as Pythium spp., and many fish are prone to Saprolegnia spp. infections, particularly in stressful farming situations. A juvenile American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was presented for necropsy examination with white, gelatinous, raised lesions over ulcerated regions of skin on the limbs and tail. The alligator came from a hatchery with age-divided enclosures, and several of the animals within the same enclosure showed similar lesions. Numerous hyphae with non-parallel walls and sparse, non-dichotomous branching were observed histologically on Gomori's methenamine silver staining within the ulcers. Although no organisms were detectable via polymerase chain reaction testing of fresh or formalin-fixed tissues, the organism was cultured and sequenced as an Achlya sp., an infrequently identified oomycete. To the author's knowledge, this is the first description of an oomycete infection within the class Reptilia. INTRODUCTION Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are believed to be at increased risk of pancreatitis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between IBD and risk of pancreatitis in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed and Embase databases. Data were extracted using predefined data fields, and risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. RESULTS Four studies with acute pancreatitis as outcome met the eligibility criteria. The overall estimated risk ratio revealed an increased risk for acute pancreatitis in patients with IBD of 2.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40-3.22). The risk ratio was increased for both CD and UC, with estimated risk ratios of 3.62 (95% CI 2.99-4.38) and 2.24 (95% CI 1.85-2.71), respectively. No studies meeting the eligibility criteria had chronic pancreatitis as outcome. CONCLUSIONS The risk of acute pancreatitis is increased in patients with IBD and higher for patients with CD. Due to the observational design of the studies included in our meta-analysis, the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of pancreatitis are unknown and remain to be investigated. Studies of the risk of chronic pancreatitis among patients with IBD are warranted. FUNDING This work was supported by a grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0022586). The funder had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or the writing of the manuscript. TRIAL REGISTRATION not relevant. Articles published in the DMJ are “open access”. This means that the articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.INTRODUCTION Trauma is the leading cause of death in younger people in the Western world. It is of great importance that smaller trauma centres with "high-risk, low-incidence" trauma resuscitations maintain high standards in trauma resuscitation, as severely injured patients are occasionally treated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing trauma team training (TTT). Additionally, we investigated the incidence of severe traumas using the Injury Severity Score (ISS). METHODS Data on process times were collected in a three-month period before and after implementation of TTT at the Regional Hospital Randers, Denmark. find more Process times from arrival of the patient in the trauma room until chest X-ray, trauma CT, CT description and transfer were registered. ISS was calculated as trauma severity. RESULTS A total of 43 trauma patients were registered. ISS values were not significantly different between the two cohorts. 5/43 (12%) had an ISS > 15 as an expression of severe traumas. A tendency to reduced process times was found, but results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations in this study, our results point towards a reduced process time after the implementation of TTT. At an organisational level, TTT can draw attention to challenges, inappropriate local procedures and allocation of material and staff in order to improve trauma resuscitations. Only 12% of patients had an ISS > 15, emphasising the need to simulate trauma resuscitations using TTT. FUNDING none. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency. Articles published in the DMJ are “open access”. This means that the articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.INTRODUCTION Patients with bronchiectasis suffer from breathlessness, cough and sputum production, which impairs quality of life. The Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaire (BHQ), a short and disease-specific questionnaire, has previously been developed and validated in English. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the BHQ in Danish, using established cross-cultural validation methods. METHODS To create a Danish version of the questionnaire, this study used linguistic validation, a pilot study in 17 patients and forward-backward translation. Thereafter, 111 patients with bronchiectasis were asked to complete the BHQ (BHQ1) as well as the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and one in three patients were asked to repeat the BHQ after two weeks had passed (BHQ2). RESULTS There was a significant convergent validity between the BHQ1 and the SGRQ (ρ = -0,826, p = 0.0001), a satisfactory correlation coefficient between the BHQ1 and the BHQ2 (0.739) and a lower limit of agreement of -15.96 and 20.