Beebeflanagan2748
4 and 53.2% for IHD, and 94.4 and 59.6% for CRC from 1990 to 2017, respectively; however, the corresponding age-standardized rates for IHD and CRC showed relatively stable trends. Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia were ranked as the top three provinces in terms of total risk-attributable NCD burden in 2017.
China has a large and growing NCD burden attributable to a diet low in fiber. Greater priority in disease prevention and control should be given to male and older adults throughout China, particularly in some western provinces.
China has a large and growing NCD burden attributable to a diet low in fiber. Greater priority in disease prevention and control should be given to male and older adults throughout China, particularly in some western provinces.
Earlier studies suggest that probiotics have protective effects in the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Whether such benefits apply to RTIs of viral origin and mechanisms supporting the effect remain unclear.
To determine the role of gut microbiota modulation on clinical and laboratory outcomes of viral RTIs.
We conducted a systematic review of articles published in Embase and MEDLINE through 20 April 2020 to identify studies reporting the effect of gut microbiota modulation on viral RTIs in clinical studies and animal models. The incidence of viral RTIs, clinical manifestations, viral load and immunological outcomes was evaluated.
We included 58 studies (9 randomized controlled trials; 49 animal studies). Six of eight clinical trials consisting of 726 patients showed that probiotics administration was associated with a reduced risk of viral RTIs. Most commonly used probiotics were Lactobacillus followed by Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus. In animal models, treatment with probiotics before viral challenge had beneficial effects against influenza virus infection by improving infection-induced survival (20/22 studies), mitigating symptoms (21/21 studies) and decreasing viral load (23/25 studies). Probiotics and commensal gut microbiota exerted their beneficial effects through strengthening host immunity.
Modulation of gut microbiota represents a promising approach against viral RTIs via host innate and adaptive immunity regulation. Further research should focus on next generation probiotics specific to viral types in prevention and treatment of emerging viral RTIs.
Modulation of gut microbiota represents a promising approach against viral RTIs via host innate and adaptive immunity regulation. Further research should focus on next generation probiotics specific to viral types in prevention and treatment of emerging viral RTIs.
Over the last years, laparoscopic appendectomy has progressively replaced open appendectomy and become the current gold standard treatment for suspected, uncomplicated appendicitis. At the same time, though, it is an ongoing discussion that antibiotic therapy can be an equivalent treatment for patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the safety and efficacy of antibiotic therapy and compare it to the laparoscopic appendectomy for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis.
The PubMed database, Embase database, and Cochrane library were scanned for studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. The primary endpoint was defined as successful treatment of appendicitis. Secondary endpoints were pain intensity, duration of hospitalization, absence from work, and incidence of complications.
No studies were found that exclusively compared laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis.
To date, there are no studies comparing antibiotic treatment to laparoscopic appendectomy for patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, thus emphasizing the lack of evidence and need for further investigation.
To date, there are no studies comparing antibiotic treatment to laparoscopic appendectomy for patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, thus emphasizing the lack of evidence and need for further investigation.Genus and species of phlebotomine sand flies have been recorded and described in caves in Brazil, but no study has provided the food source used by sand flies in these environments. Herein, we identified the blood source used by sand fly species in caves located at "Quadrilátero Ferrífero" (QF), Minas Gerais state. Specimens were manually collected near or on anurans inside ferruginous caves in Serra do Gandarela National Park and Serra do Rola Moça State Park. Males and females were placed in vials with 70% alcohol and stored at -10°C. Females engorged, after specific identification, had DNA extracted and followed for PCR amplification using specific primers. Sequencing was analyzed in the GenBank and Barcode of Life. A total of 198 specimens were collected (107 females and 91 males), all of them belonging to species Sciopemyia aff. microps (88.89%), Sciopemyia sordellii (10.61%), or Martinsmyia oliveirai (0.50%). When it comes to the females, 89 were S. aff. microps and 18 S. sordellii. Nineteen engorged females of S. selleck chemical aff. microps were analyzed and most of them (n=18) presented blood from Bokermannohyla martinsi and one contained blood from Scinax fuscovarius. The blood present in engorged females of S. sordellii (n=4) was from B. martinsi. Sciopemyia genus specimens are commonly found in collections carried out inside natural caves, but this was the first study to prove that females of this genus feed on cold-blooded animals in nature. HIGHLIGHTS • Here we proved that sand flies feed in cold-blooded animals in in Brazilian caves. • Females of the Sciopemyia genus were for the first time found feeding in natural habitats. • Anurans of the family Hylidae were identified as source by molecular analyzes. • Insect bloodmeal identification can help assessing the fauna in several biomes. • This is the first record of S. aff. microps in caves of Brazil.
The incidence of periprosthetic fractures is expected to rise increase by 4.6% every 10years between 2015 and 2060. There are few large series examining optimal fixation constructs or the influence of early ambulation on outcome. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate the published biomechanical considerations for periprosthetic fracture fixation, with specific consideration of early postoperative weightbearing.
A literature review was performed to identify fracture incidences, etiology, and current trends in weightbearing after fixation. Benefits of early weightbearing, current constructs, and biomechanics are reviewed.
The limited data available support medical benefits and increased union rates with early mobilization. Optimal fixation constructs are not agreed upon, but mechanical studies suggest that dual implant constructs can support physiologic weightbearing loads.
Further clinical trials are required to investigate fracture union and hardware complications in dual implant construct.
Further clinical trials are required to investigate fracture union and hardware complications in dual implant construct.
Cerebrospinal compliance describes the ability of the cerebrospinal space to buffer changes in volume. Diminished compliance is associated with increased risk of potentially threatening increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) when changes in cerebrospinal volume occur. However, despite various methods of estimation proposed so far, compliance is seldom used in clinical practice. This study aimed to compare three measures of cerebrospinal compliance.
ICP recordings from 36 normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients who underwent infusion tests with parallel recording of transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity were retrospectivelyanalysed. Three methods were used to calculate compliance estimates during changes in the mean ICP induced by infusion of fluid into the cerebrospinal fluid space (a) based on Marmarou's model of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics (C
), (b) based on the evaluation of changes in cerebral arterial blood volume (C
), and (c) based on the amplitudes of peaks P1 and P2 of ICP pulse waveform (C
).
Increase in ICP caused a significant decrease in all compliance estimates (p < 0.0001). Time courses of compliance estimators were strongly positively correlated with each other (group-averaged Spearman correlation coefficients 0.94 [0.88-0.97] for C
vs. C
, 0.77 [0.63-0.91] for C
vs. C
, and 0.68 [0.48-0.91] for C
vs. C
).
Indirect methods, C
and C
, allow for the assessment of relative changes in cerebrospinal compliance and produce results exhibiting good correlation with the direct method of volumetric manipulation. This opens the possibility of monitoring relative changes in compliance continuously.
Indirect methods, CCaBV and CP1/P2, allow for the assessment of relative changes in cerebrospinal compliance and produce results exhibiting good correlation with the direct method of volumetric manipulation. This opens the possibility of monitoring relative changes in compliance continuously.
To assess the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-coated titanium (Ti) discs on the adhesion and metabolism of keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts exposed to nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates.
Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were seeded (1 × 10
cells/disc) on Ti discs coated with EGF (100 nM). After 24 h, cells were exposed or not to sodium alendronate (SA) or zoledronic acid (ZA) at different concentrations (0 = control, 0.5, 1, or 5 μM) for 48 h. Cell adhesion to the substrates was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability (alamarBlue, n = 6) and synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and keratinocytes growth factor (KGF) (ELISA, n = 6) were assessed. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).
Higher cell adhesion rate was observed when keratinocytes and fibroblasts were seeded onto EGF-coated discs in comparison to uncoated discs. ZA treatment hindered the adhesion of both cell lines on the Ti discs as well as reduced the viability and synthesis of VEGF, KGF and MMP-2 by cells (p < 0.05). SA treatment did not affect cell viability, but interfered negatively on the adhesion and synthesis of EGF and KGF by the cells (p < 0.05). EGF-coated surface increased cell viability and synthesis of growth factors as well as downregulated the synthesis of MMP-2 in comparison to control (p < 0.05).
EGF applied on Ti surface improves the biological responses of oral mucosa cells exposed to SA and ZA.
EGF-coating on titanium may be a suitable strategy to improve oral mucosa cellular events related to biological sealing, especially for patients under bisphosphonate therapy.
EGF-coating on titanium may be a suitable strategy to improve oral mucosa cellular events related to biological sealing, especially for patients under bisphosphonate therapy.Most green orchids form mycorrhizal associations with rhizoctonia fungi, a polyphyletic group including Serendipitaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae, and Tulasnellaceae. Although accumulating evidence indicated that partial mycoheterotrophy occurs in such so-called rhizoctonia-associated orchids, it remains unclear how much nutrition rhizoctonia-associated orchids obtain via mycoheterotrophic relationships. We investigated the physiological ecology of green and albino individuals of a rhizoctonia-associated orchid Cypripedium debile, by using molecular barcoding of the mycobionts and stable isotope (13C and 15 N) analysis. Molecular barcoding of the mycobionts indicated that the green and albino individuals harbored Tulasnella spp., which formed a clade with the previously reported C. debile mycobionts. In addition, stable isotope analysis showed that both phenotypes were significantly enriched in 13C but not in 15 N. Therefore, green and albino individuals were recognized as partial and full mycoheterotrophs, respectively.
