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(2) Concentration effect and molecular composition exerted great impacts on the MW distribution of the Cu(II) ions bound to CSO-DOM. (3) The humic-like component of terrestrial origin with the MW range of 100 kDa∼0.45 μm possessed high binding stability, capacity, and priority with Cu(II) ions, and they could be used at a high concentration to promote the removal efficiency of coagulation for Cu(Ⅱ) ions of CSOs by competitive complexation and inter-molecular bridging.Studying the sublethal effects of agrochemical pesticides on nontarget honeybees (Apis mellifera) is important for agricultural development. Carbendazim is a widely used broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits mitotic microtubule formation and cell division. However, the impact of carbendazim on bee health and development has not been fully elucidated. Here, using proteomics approaches, we assessed in vitro the changes in the expression of functional proteins in the head of newly emerged adults following treatment with field concentration of carbendazim during the larval stage. Treatment with carbendazim severely altered 266 protein expression patterns in the heads of adults and 218 of them showed downregulation after carbendazim exposure. Notably, major royal jelly proteins, a crucial multifunctional protein family with irreplaceable function in sustaining the development of colonies, were significantly suppressed in carbendazim-treated bees. This result was verified in both head and hypopharyngeal gland of nurse bees. Moreover, visual and olfactory loss, immune functions, muscular activity, social behavior, neural and brain development, protein synthesis and modification, and metabolism-related proteins were likely inhibited by carbendazim treatment. Together, these results suggest that carbendazim is an environmental risk factor that likely weakens bee colonies, partially due to reduced expression of major royal jelly proteins, which may be potential causes of colony collapse disorder.Understanding the influence of organic matters on the fate of Cr(VI) during ferrihydrite-Cr(VI) (Fh-Cr) co-precipitates transformation helps to study the retention of Cr(VI) by iron oxides in the environment. In this paper, Fh-Cr was prepared by co-precipitation and the redistribution of Cr(VI) in the oxalate or citrate system during the transformation of Fh-Cr was studied. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize Fh-Cr for aging 7 days at 70 °C. Results showed that both oxalate and citrate could hinder the release of Cr(VI) from Fh-Cr and abate the harm of Cr(VI). Oxalate improved the transformation from Fh-Cr to hematite and promoted Cr(VI) to be enfolded into the secondary minerals to further immobilize Cr at initial pH of 5.0 and 7.0, while citrate evidently reduced the release of Cr(VI) through stabilizing Fh-Cr at initial pH of 9.0. Besides, reduction of Cr(VI) by oxalate and citrate was through forming the surface complexes that promoted electron transfer from oxalate or citrate to Cr(VI), which can effectively abate the harm of Cr(VI). The findings of this study can promote understanding of the influences of organic matters on Cr(VI) immobilization during transformation of iron oxides in nature.

Few studies have investigated cumulative effects and mortality displacement of short-term air pollution exposure on deaths; therefore, uncertainty remains regarding its public health significance.

We obtained air pollution and daily cause-specific mortality data of Nanjing from January 2004 to December 2019, covering a period of 16 years. We performed a time-series analysis with single-day, 2-day moving average, and distributed lag models, respectively, to estimate the effects of PM

, PM

, NO

and SO

exposure on total cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) mortality. Distributed lag models were used to assess the roles of cumulative exposure and mortality displacement.

Cumulative effect estimates for 0-7 lag days were more considerable than estimates for single-day lags and 2-day moving average lag. The cumulative effect estimates for PM

, NO

and SO

on total cardiovascular and CBVD mortality became essentially zero within 30 days, which suggested the existence of mortality displacement. But the cumulative effect estimates for PM

and SO

on IHD mortality remained elevated and statistically significant within 27 (2.11%; 95% CI 0.12, 4.27%) and 22 (2.63%; 95% CI 0.39, 4.91%) days, respectively, which suggested the absence of mortality displacement.

Our results indicated that risk assessment based on single-day or 2-day moving average exposure rather than cumulative exposure likely underestimate the adverse effects of air pollution. The cumulative PM

and SO

exposure for nearly a month may have adverse effects on IHD mortality.

Our results indicated that risk assessment based on single-day or 2-day moving average exposure rather than cumulative exposure likely underestimate the adverse effects of air pollution. The cumulative PM2.5 and SO2 exposure for nearly a month may have adverse effects on IHD mortality.Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in oyster soft tissues can be particularly high due to contamination, leading to extremely green/blue colors. This raises key questions regarding the behavior and speciation of trace metals in oyster soft tissues. This study investigated trace metal concentration profiles of contaminated Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) soft tissues collected from trace metal-contaminated coastal area of Xiangshan District using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, Cu and Zn speciation in contaminated and non-contaminated oyster soft tissues were investigated by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy/extended X-ray absorption fine structure (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopic methods. RBN-2397 chemical structure The contents of Cu (1,100-1,400 mg/kg) and Zn (500-700 mg/kg) dry weight were high in oyster soft tissue samples. The XANES/EXAFS results revealed that Cu and Zn existed primarily as copper (II) oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in contaminated oysters.