Reecemckenzie2274

Relational aggression-or behavior intended to harm the relationships of its victims-has been the focus of interdisciplinary study across developmental, clinical, personality, and social psychology in the last several decades. One of the primary measures used to assess relational aggression in youth is the Children's Social Behavior Scale (CSBS; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995), but despite its common usage, the construct validity of this measure has not been comprehensively assessed. In the present study, we used a multistage construct validity framework to thoroughly investigate the nature of relational aggression across six community samples totaling 3,102 youth and their caregivers. We used multiple methods to map the reliability, internal or structural validity, and external validity of this scale. Through these analyses, we found that CSBS Relational Aggression demonstrated strong internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater reliability as well as a robust single factor structure and invariance across multiple demographic groups. External validity analyses positioned relational aggression within a theoretically consistent nomological net including psychopathology, personality, and social developmental factors. Contrary to concerns about the validity of self- and parent-reports of relational aggression, both parent- and youth-report forms of the CSBS Relational Aggression scale demonstrated strong reliability and validity. While construct validation has received inadequate attention in the psychological literature to date, through this project, we aimed to demonstrate how this approach may be used to investigate existing measures across psychological research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent studies have examined the extent to which alcohol dependence (AD) criteria prospectively predict the course of AD. Critically, these studies have lacked a developmental perspective. However, the differential performance of criteria by age might indicate overendorsement in younger individuals. The current study examined AD criteria in terms of persistence and prediction of AD course and alcohol use by age in order to identify criteria that are likely to be overly endorsed by younger individuals.

The current study used longitudinal data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to depict age differences in rates of new onset, recurrence, and persistence for each AD criterion, thereby showing how these three factors contribute to the overall age-prevalence curve of each criterion. Additionally, we tested age moderation of the predictive association between each criterion at baseline and new onset, recurrence, and persistence of syndromal AD.

Some criteria (particularly, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control drinking, and drinking despite physical/psychological problems) are both less persistent and less predictive of AD course among younger adults compared to older adults.

These findings raise the possibility of elevated rates of false-positive AD among younger adults and suggest ways to improve the assessment of AD criteria. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

These findings raise the possibility of elevated rates of false-positive AD among younger adults and suggest ways to improve the assessment of AD criteria. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This study aimed to assess (a) the within- and between-person associations between daily stress and sleep; (b) the relation between childhood maltreatment and sleep; and (c) whether the relation between stress and sleep was moderated by the extent of childhood maltreatment among college students. Participants (N = 181) comprised the active control group in a previous intervention study. Debio 0123 Participants completed a self-report measure of childhood maltreatment and 14 daily self-report measures of stressor exposure and severity (evenings) and 6 sleep measures (e.g., quality, duration; mornings). Experiencing more daily stressors than usual (within-person relation) was significantly associated with delayed sleep latency (i.e., time falling asleep). Greater daily stressor severity was also significantly associated with lower sleep efficiency within persons. Participants who reported more stressors in general had shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality, and less restful sleep (between-person relations). Students who reported more childhood maltreatment also reported significantly lower quality sleep and feeling less rested upon awakening. Childhood maltreatment did not moderate the within-person association between daily stress and sleep. Unexpectedly, at the between-person level, maltreatment moderated the association between stressors and stressor severity and several sleep parameters (e.g., efficiency and latency) such that there was a weaker relation between stress and sleep among those with more maltreatment. Interventions on campus could aim to reduce stress and improve sleep. Additional awareness of the prevalence of maltreatment and how it may be related to sleep also appears warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Research in clinical supervision has primarily focused on the contribution of supervisors to training outcome. However, peers may also play a significant role in trainees' development, particularly during group supervision. Fifty-three trainees from 10 supervision groups completed measures of peer relationship, supervisory working alliance (SWA), supervision satisfaction (SAT), and counseling self-efficacy (CSE) at three time points during a 20-week counseling practicum at a department clinic in Hong Kong. Multilevel modeling was conducted to test the hypothesis that both peer relationship and SWA contribute to SAT and CSE. The path model results showed that higher within- and between-trainee SWA was associated with higher SAT, and higher between-trainee SWA was associated with higher CSE. Better within- and between-trainee peer relationship was associated with higher CSE, but not with SAT. Thus, when peer relationship and SWA were entered as predictors into the same analysis and allowed to control for each other's effects, they each have unique contributions to the outcome of group supervision.