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E-cigarette use has been on the rise among children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the health hazards and laws regarding e-cigarette use among parents in Saudi Arabia. In addition, we evaluated the effect of parental smoking on parent's knowledge.

This study was conducted with parents of children below 18 years of age in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Jeddah was divided into four areas (north, south, east, and west) and in each area, the largest shopping mall was selected. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire.

Out of 1386 parents, 61.7% were smokers, 13.3% reported that their children used e-cigarettes, and 73.6% did not discuss e-cigarette use with their children. In total, 77.3% of parents thought it was important to be educated about e-cigarette use. However, their ability to discuss e-cigarette use with their children was 13.9% lower than their ability to discuss regular cigarette smoking with their children. Parents who were smokers were more accepting of their children using e-cigarettes (

<0.0001). Mothers who smoked were more accepting than fathers of their children using e-cigarettes (

<0.0001).

Parents reported a lack of knowledge and attitudes regarding e-cigarette use. Parental smoking, especially among mothers, was statistically significantly related to their e-cigarette use knowledge and attitudes. Parents agreed that it was important to educate parents regarding e-cigarette use.

Parents reported a lack of knowledge and attitudes regarding e-cigarette use. Parental smoking, especially among mothers, was statistically significantly related to their e-cigarette use knowledge and attitudes. Parents agreed that it was important to educate parents regarding e-cigarette use.COVID-19 has the characteristics of rapid onset, strong infectivity, and fast course change, which has caused a worldwide pandemic. MSAB Wnt inhibitor Now, our hospital and department have implemented a series of efficacious stratagems to control the spread of the COVID-19. However, the daily-increasing cases are continuously at an extraordinary level, which mean the requirement and mission to prevent and control the pandemic are enormous and urgent. However, because of the urgency of the disease and the timeliness of treatment, gynecological tumor patients cannot be administered in the hospital until the pandemic situation could be controlled entirely. Consequently, this review proposes the following suggestions and our experience about preventing and controlling of COVID-19 and the treatment for patients with gynecological tumors in gynecology departments.

Warfarin is an affordable drug used for numerous indications, and still a favorable choice for patients with a history of bleeding from direct oral anticoagulants or presence of valvular heart diseases. However, warfarin requires regular international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring for safety and efficacy. Warfarin's efficacy and safety is correlated with actual time spent within the therapeutic INR. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) is an estimate that measures the percentage of actual time spent within the therapeutic INR. Our aim was to investigate differences in anticoagulation control of warfarin using TTR between pharmacists and other health-care providers.

This prospective observational study was conducted in an ambulatory-care setting of a tertiary hospital to compare anticoagulation management using TTR between clinics run by pharmacists versus other health-care providers.

A total of 62 patients were enrolled 33 in the pharmacist-led clinic and 29 in the physician-led clinic. TTR levels were statistically higher among patients in the pharmacist-led clinic than than the physician-led clinic (87.27%±3.82% and 52.48%±5.49%, respectively;

<0.001). For 27 patients followed retrospectively by physicians and prospectively by clinical pharmacists, TTR was statistically higher during clinical pharmacists' care (91.70%±2.93% versus 61.39%±5.11%, respectively;

<0.001). During the study, approximately 82% of patients reached their target INR in the pharmacist-led clinic compared to 24% in the physician-led clinic.

The findings of our study found that patients followed in the pharmacist-led clinic had higher TTR levels than those followed in the physician-led clinic.

The findings of our study found that patients followed in the pharmacist-led clinic had higher TTR levels than those followed in the physician-led clinic.

Although there is much debate about the effect of hospital competition on healthcare quality, its impact on the process of care remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether hospital competition improves the process of care in rural China.

The county hospital questionnaire survey data and the randomly sampled medical records of bacterial pneumonia patients in 2015 in rural area of Guizhou, China, were used in this study. The processes of care for bacterial pneumonia were measured by the following three measures 1) oxygenation assessment, 2) antibiotic treatment, and 3) first antibiotic treatment within 6 hours after admission. Hospital competition was measured by asking hospital directors to rate the competition pressure they perceive from other hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to determine the relationship between perceived competition and the processes of care for patients with bacterial pneumonia.

A total of 2167 bacterial pneumonia patients from 24 county hospitals in 2015 were included in our study. Our results suggested that the likelihood of receiving antibiotic treatment and first antibiotic treatment within 6 hours after admission was significantly higher in the hospitals perceiving higher competition pressure. However, no significant relationship was found between perceived competition and oxygenation assessment for patients with bacterial pneumonia.

This study revealed the role of perceived competition in improving the process of care under the fee-for-service payment system and provided empirical evidence to support the pro-competition policies in China's new round of national healthcare reform.

This study revealed the role of perceived competition in improving the process of care under the fee-for-service payment system and provided empirical evidence to support the pro-competition policies in China's new round of national healthcare reform.

Behavioural problems in pre-school children are closely related to their mental health. Such problems include attention deficit, personality disorder, overdependency, poor adaptability and conduct problems.

From December 2018 to January 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents of pre-schoolers. The survey covered sixteen kindergartens in six districts of Chongqing, China. A total of 2200 participants participated in the survey, and 1895 questionnaires were returned. After screening, 1496 valid questionnaires were compiled in the data analysis (n=1496).

Analysis of the maximum likelihood estimation revealed that age, preterm birth, household income, amount of daily interaction with parents, and scolding frequency affected behavioural problems in the pre-schoolers. Behavioural problems tend to be attenuated as children grow. Preterm children had a higher probability of developing behavioural problems than did non-preterm children. Children from families with monthly household incomes between $1130-$1695 USD and $1696-$2260 USD were more prone to developing behavioural problems. Children whose parents spent less time interacting with them (39.26% of parents interacted with children less than 1 hour per day) and children who were scolded more often had greater behavioural problems (13.44% of parents often scolded their children).

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of parenting methods on pre-school children and the education provided by parents on their pre-school children's behavioural problems to provide insights for Chinese parents and mental health professionals to improve treatment of behavioural problems.

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of parenting methods on pre-school children and the education provided by parents on their pre-school children's behavioural problems to provide insights for Chinese parents and mental health professionals to improve treatment of behavioural problems.

As aging populations increase, many countries have begun implementation of policies to improve elder health and nutrition. This study evaluated key process components of nutrition sections of a national elderly integrated-care program in health-care centers in Iran.

With stratified three-stage random cluster sampling, a total of 256 elderly subjects (clients) and 76 staff members of health-care centers (providers) participated in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using two self-administrated questionnaires to evaluate various components of process evaluation for clients and providers. Program reach was measured by the ratio of the number in the target group who underwent the program to the number of eligible individuals. Exposure rate was measured as clients' awareness of program services. Delivery and fidelity were assessed from providers' reports for each service. Satisfaction rates were assessed for the whole program and for each service of the program. All reasons behind strese delivery of some services, which resulted in low levels of client satisfaction. The findings may have implications for further reinforcement of the program, and indicate the importance of continuous monitoring and evaluation of such programs.

The process evaluation showed insufficient reach, exposure, and fidelity of the program, as well as imprecise delivery of some services, which resulted in low levels of client satisfaction. The findings may have implications for further reinforcement of the program, and indicate the importance of continuous monitoring and evaluation of such programs.

Despite Saudi officials initiating a variety of smoking cessation programs, smoking in the country has not decreased. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with Saudi students' beliefs about available smoking cessation interventions.

A cross-sectional, pre-tested, and validated paper-based survey was administered to a cohort from a university in the Qassim region. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to explore the factors associated with the students' beliefs regarding behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking cessation.

Out of 1158 surveys distributed, 958 responses were received (82.7% response rate). Students aged >23 years were more likely to believe in a behavioral intervention (marginal effect = 10.4%; 95% CI, 2.3%-18.6%). However, the respondents who indicated that they had smoked a hookah over the past 30 days were less likely to believe in either the pharmacotherapeutic (marginal effect = -7.9%; 95% CI, -15.6 to -0.3%) ohavioral interventions.

This study found that smoking a hookah and its harmfulness were negatively associated with smoking cessation medications interventions. Regarding beliefs about behavioral interventions, while age was positively associated, hookah smoking and its harmfulness had a negative association. Willingness to quit smoking was positively associated with both medication and behavioral interventions.