Paaskehester7717

The flower heads of Microliabum polymnioides afforded scopoletin, 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone and 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavone. The leaves contained hexadecanoic acid, phytol and docosane. This is the first report on the presence of 6-methoxyflavonoids in Microliabum genus.The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of a major pyrrolizidine alkaloid of comfrey (lycopsamine) in aqueous samples as a basis for the development of a method for the determination of absorption of lycopsamine by human skin. A linear calibration curve was established in the range of 1.32-440 ng. The intraday precision during the 3-day validation period ranged between 0.57 and 2.48% while the interday precision was 1.70% and 1.95% for quality control samples. LOD was 0.014 ng and recovery was above 97%. The lycopsamine content of the samples stored for 9 and 25 days at 22 degrees C, 10 degrees C and -25 degrees C did not vary. These results underline the good repeatability and accuracy of our method and allow the analysis of samples with very low lycopsamine content.The alkaloid content of Adenostyles alliariae and A. glabra (Asteraceae) has been evaluated. Both species contain toxic macrocyclic unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids with seneciphylline as the main compound accounting for more than 90% of the alkaloid fraction in all above ground plant parts. Further alkaloids were spartioidine, acetyl-senciphylline and senecionine. Inflorescences showed the highest alkaloid contents with 21.1 and 13.4 mg/g in A. NMS-873 chemical structure alliariae and A. glabra, respectively. Stems and leaves had 2-3 times lower contents. Therefore, these Adenostyles species must be considered as highly toxic plants.One new p-quinonoid aporphine alkaloid, obtusipetadione (1), and eleven known compounds (2-12) were isolated from the acetone extract of the twigs of Dasymaschalon obtusipetalum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic and antimalarial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compound 1 showed significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the P. falciparum strains TM4 and K1 (multidrug resistant strain) with IC50 values of 2.46 ± 0.12 and 1.38 ± 0.99 μg/mL, respectively with no cytotoxicity. Compound 9 had more modest antiplasmodial activity, but significant cytotoxicity.The guanidine alkaloids, dihydropulchranin A (2), prepared from pulchranin A from the sponge Monanchora pulchra, and hexadecylguanidine (3), a synthetic analog of pulchranins, were studied for their TRPV channel-regulating activities. Compound 2 was active as an inhibitor of rTRPV1 and hTRPV3 receptors with EC50 values of 24.3 and 59.1 μM, respectively. Hexadecylguanidine (3) was not active against these receptors.The absolute R-configuration of the C-22 chiral center in cladoloside C (1) and therefore in all related glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber Cladolabes schmeltzii has been assigned by Mosher's method. Some chemical transformations of the native glycoside 1 were carried out to apply this method. This resulted in the isolation and elucidation of chemical structures of progenin 2 and artefact aglycones 3 and 4, obtained from 1 and assignment of the absolute R-configuration of C-22 in the progenin 2. The coincidence of C-22 configurations in the studied compounds with those of the earlier known lanostane-type aglycone of frondoside C and holostane-type aglycone of cladoloside C (1) confirms the generic biosynthetic pathways to different types of sea cucumber glycoside aglycones. It suggests the same R-configuration of C-22 chiral centers in all the sea cucumber glycosides having C-22 functionalities.A new hydroperoxycembranoidal diterpene, trocheliolide A (1), was isolated from the octocoral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods.In a continued search for novel diterpenoid glycosides, we recently isolated and characterized a Rebaudioside M derivative with a hydroxyl group at position 15 in the central diterpene core from an extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Here we report the complete structure elucidation of 15α-hydroxy-Rebaudioside M (2) on the basis of NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY, NOESY) and mass spectral data. Steviol glycoside with a hydroxyl group at C-15 in the central diterpene core has not been previously reported.In the course of our search for anticancer agents based on a novel anti-austerity strategy, we found that the 70% EtOH extract of the crude drug Andrographis Herba (aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata), used in Japanese Kampo medicines, killed PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells preferentially in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). Phytochemical investigation of the 70% EtOH extract led to the isolation of 21 known compounds consisting of six labdane-type diterpenes (11, 15, 17-19, 21), six flavones (5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 20), three flavanones (2, 6, 16), two sterols (3, 8), a fatty acid (1), a phthalate (4), a triterpene (9), and a monoterpene (13). Among them, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (17) displayed the most potent preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 and PSN-1 cells with PC50 values of 10.0 μM and 9.27 μM, respectively. Microscopical observation, double staining with ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO), and flow cytometry with propidium iodide/annexin V double staining indicated that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (17) triggered apoptosis-like cell death in NDM with an amino acids and/or serum-sensitive mode.In the first part of this study we extracted, isolated, and identified the main diterpenoid constituents from the roots of a Central Asian medicinal and ornamental plant--Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. Eight major nor-abietanoid pigments were obtained using NP silica gel column chromatography and preparative RP-HPLC cryptotanshinone, 1-hydroxycryptotanhinone, miltirone, 1-oxomiltirone, tanshinone IIa, 1,2 didehydrotanshinone IIa, 1,2 didehydromiltirone, the non-quinone diterpenoid - arucadiol, as well as rosmarinic acid as a main phenolic compound. Secondly, we used the obtained compounds for fast and selective determination of the main diterpenes present in P. atriplicifolia root extract. After extraction with n-hexane, the quantitative analysis was carried out by LC-MS/MS with a triple quadrupole (qQq) mass detector without any prior clean-up step. Identification of the diterpenes was confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using the most representative transitions from the precursor ions, while the most sensitive transitions were used for quantification in a 19-minute run. Most of the isolated and analyzed compounds had not been previously reported from this species. This easily cultivated plant is a promising source of several pharmacologically valuable abietanoid diterpenoids.One new sesquiterpene glycoside, named nerolidol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with one novel natural product nerolidol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and two known sesquiterpene glycosides (3-4), were isolated from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HR-MS data. The chemotaxonomic significance of this type of constituents was discussed.One new sodium salt of an iridoid acid, sodium 6-O-methyldeacetylasperulosidate (1) and one new heterocyclic compound, 1,3,6-trimethylpyrano[2,3- d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-dione (2) were isolated from Hedyotis lindleyana Hook. (Rubiaceae), together with seven known compounds, oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), teneoside D (5), 6β-hydroxygeniposide (6), deacetylasperulosidic acid sodium salt (7), liquiritin (8), and 3,3',4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (9). The structures were established by spectroscopic (1D, 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS analysis, as well as by comparison with data reported in the literature.Vitelline duct anomalies (VDA) are rare complications of persistent omphalomesentric duct or vitelline duct connecting the developing embryo with the yolk sac. VDA can be asymptomatic (detected incidentally) or symptomatic, most common of which is Meckel's diverticulum. A patent vitelline duct is the. most common symptomatic presentation in African children and we present here a four day old neonate with patent vitelline duct with ileal prolapse. The neonate was operated with the patent vitelline duct and gangrenous ileum resected and end to end ileal anastomosis done.Lymphoma management begins with an accurate diagnosis & staging. Major advances in imaging techniques, make cross sectional imaging and nuclear medicine technique an excellent tool for patient work up. However, limited access to modern imaging modality in resource limited set up and luck of standardized imaging work up challenged patient's management. Assess the local lymphoma imaging work up and management challenges in patients with lymphoma and develop local imaging and reporting guideline. A semistructured qualitative interview to six conveniently selected physicians (hematologists, oncologists & pathologists) who primarily takes care of lymphoma patient and literature review on the role of various imaging modalities, recommendation and experience of other countries were used as a methodology Conventional and basic imaging modalities are used in the work up of patient in our set up. The imaging recommendation for these patients requires at least CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis for initial diagnosis and FDG-PET and/or PET-CTfor follow up and recurrence. Due to the comparable diagnostic potentials of US and its wide spread availability, makes US still the primary imaging modality. Luck of required information's and inconsistency in the radiologists report found to challenge physicians in their patient management. The study concluded that US should still stay as the most important imaging modality in the initial treatment, staging and follow up patients in resource limited set up. It also recommended the general imaging work up and reporting framework.

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen in children. The rate of appendicular perforation may be related to duration from the onset of symptom presentation to treatment.

To describe the clinical characteristics and assess symptom duration as a risk factor for perforation in children with acute appendicitis. PATENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records of 322 children under 15 years of ages with intraoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis between the periods of September 2006 and August 2010.

Acute appendicitis accounted for 87.5% of all cases of acute abdomen during the study period. Two hundred patients were boys and 122 patients were girls giving male to female ratio of 1.61. The mean and median ages were 10.4 and 11 years respectively. The youngest patient was 3 years old. The peak age range was 10-14 years. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (100%), anorexia (85.1%), vomiting (83.9%), and fever (82.3%). Right lower quadrant tenderness was the leading physical finding observed in 83.