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6% of the overall cohort. On univariate analysis, only in-state location, distance to the hospital, and WHO grade were associated with enrollment at initial diagnosis and recurrence. Minority status, insurance type, median household income, and percent below poverty were not associated with clinical trial enrollment. CONCLUSION Minority and socioeconomic status did not impact adult glioma clinical trial enrollment. Proximity to the tertiary care cancer center may be an important consideration for minority patients. Patient screening should be carefully considered in order to avoid bias based on minority and socioeconomic status.PURPOSE PD-1 Immunotherapy is integral in treating multiple cancers, but has been associated with neurological adverse events (nAEs). Our study was aimed at identifying the clinical spectrum of nAEs associated with pembrolizumab and nivolumab. METHODS We performed an IRB approved single-center retrospective cohort study on patients receiving either pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Patients that developed nAEs within 12 months of treatment were identified. Descriptive statistics were conducted, and differences between groups were analyzed by the Chi-square or t test method. RESULTS In total, 649 patients were identified. Seventeen patients (2.6%) developed nAEs. Eight of those were on pembrolizumab and nine were on nivolumab. Average age was 62.1 years. Ten were males and 7 were females. Most patients had melanoma (6, 35.3%). Patients who developed nAEs more frequently had intracranial lesions at initiation of anti PD-1 therapy compared to those who did not develop nAEs (76.5% vs 27.8%; p-value  less then  0.001). Fifteen patients (88.2%) permanently stopped PD-1 therapy. In 8 patients, treatment termination resolved symptoms attributed to immune checkpoint blockade. The majority of patients developed grade 3 or 4 nAEs (10 patients, 58.8%), and required hospitalization (11 patients, 64.7%). Eight patients died for nAEs referable causes. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are associated with the development of nAEs associated with increased risk of permanent discontinuation of treatment, hospitalization, and death. Melanoma patients might be at a particularly high risk of such side effects. Future studies are still required to better assess which patients benefit most from such therapies, while minimizing the risk of complications.INTRODUCTION Blood cultures (BCs) frequently become contaminated during the pre-analytic phase of collection leading to downstream ramifications. We present a summary of performance improvement (PI) interventions provided by four hospital systems and common factors that contributed to decreased blood culture contamination (BCC) rates. METHODS Each hospital independently formed a multidisciplinary team and action plan for implementation of their intervention, focusing on the use of educational and training tools. Their goal was to significantly decrease their BCC rates. Pre- and post-intervention data were compared during the sustainment period to determine their success. RESULTS All hospitals met their goals of post-intervention BCC rates and with most achieving and sustaining BCC rates ≤ 1.0-2.0%. CONCLUSION Our report highlights how four hospitals independently achieved their objective to decrease their BCC rate with the support of a multidisciplinary team. We propose a benchmark for BCC rates of 1.5 to  less then  2.0% as achievable and sustainable.PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rapid economic growth and its huge population are putting tremendous pressure on water sustainability in China. Ensuring clean drinking water is a great challenge for public health due to water shortage and pollution. This article reviews current scientific findings on health-related issues on drinking water and discusses the challenges for safe and healthy drinking water in China. RECENT FINDINGS From literature published since 2010, a variety of emerging contaminants were detected in drinking water, including disinfection byproducts (DBPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), antibiotic resistance genes, and pathogens. Arsenic and fluoride are still the two major contaminants in groundwater. Microcystins, toxins produced by cyanobacteria, were also frequently detected in surface water for drinking. Health effects of exposure to arsenic, fluoride, nitrates, DBPs, and noroviruses in drinking water have been reported in several epidemiological studies. According to literature, water scarcity is still a severe ongoing issue, and regional disparity affects the access to safe and healthy drinking water. In addition, urbanization and climate change have strong influences on drinking water quality and water quantity. Multiple classes of contaminants of emerging concern have been detected in drinking water, while epidemiological studies on their health effects are still inadequate. Water scarcity, regional disparity, urbanization, and climate change are the major challenges for safe and healthy drinking water in China.PURPOSE The many studies examining the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and personality abnormalities have observed high comorbidity. However, no definitive studies to date have established whether there is a causal connection or whether it is a complication. The current study aimed to explore the nature of the relationship between personality disorder (PD) traits, obsessionality and perfectionism, using a study design that allows the testing of some comorbidity models. Cell Cycle inhibitor METHODS Twenty-nine women were recruited from a group of former AN patients treated during their adolescence in a specialized unit around 20 years before the time of this study. They were divided into two groups according to the current presence of eating disorder (ED) symptoms (current-ED, n = 11; recovered, n = 18). Both groups were compared to a matched control group (n = 29) regarding current PD traits, obsessive beliefs and perfectionism. RESULTS Borderline PD traits, most cluster C PD traits and overestimation of threat were more common in the current-ED group than in the control and recovered groups. Obsessive-compulsive PD traits, intolerance of uncertainty, and perfectionism were also significantly more prevalent in the current-ED group compared to controls but did not reach significance when compared to the recovered group. No significant differences were found between the recovered and control groups. CONCLUSION Our results mostly support the personality abnormalities observed as a transient effect related to the presence of ED psychopathology in patients with adolescent-onset AN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic studies.