Forbesibsen6615

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) causes significant destruction of islets transplanted intraportally. Myeloid cells are a major culprit of IBMIR. Given the critical role of CD47 as a negative checkpoint for myeloid cells, we hypothesized that the presence of CD47 on islets will minimize graft loss by mitigating IBMIR. We herein report the generation of a chimeric construct, SA-CD47, encompassing the extracellular domain of CD47 modified to include core streptavidin (SA). SA-CD47 protein was expressed in insect cells and efficiently displayed on biotin-modified mouse islet surface without a negative impact on their viability and function. Rat cells engineered with SA-CD47 were refractory to phagocytosis by mouse macrophages. SA-CD47-engineered islets showed intact structure and minimal infiltration by CD11b+ granulocytes/macrophages as compared with SA-engineered controls in an in vivo loop assay mitigating IBMIR. In a syngeneic marginal mass model of intraportal transplantation, SA-CD47-engineered islets showed better engraftment and function as compared with the SA-control group (87.5 vs 14.3%). Engraftment was associated with low levels of intrahepatic inflammatory cells and mediators of islet destruction, including HMGB-1, tissue factor, and IL-1β. These findings support the use of CD47 as an innate immune checkpoint to mitigate IBMIR for enhanced islet engraftment with translational potential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.From the first reports, ageusia and anosmia appear to be frequent clinical features in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. We have performed a survey of the literature, analyzing the possible causes of these chemosensory alterations, which may be useful as a starting point for specific further studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Analysis of muscle composition using ultrasound requires standardization of several equipment settings (i.e. gain). However, the influence of image resolution, which is altered by imaging depth, on measures of muscle composition is unknown. METHODS We analysed rectus femoris muscle composition using ultrasound images captured from 32 males and females (aged 28 ± 5 years) at depths of 9.0, 7.3, 5.9 and 4.7 cm. The transducer's orientation was fixed using a clamp during image acquisition to minimize movement. Across each image resolution, a region of interest encompassing the same anatomical area within the muscle was used for muscle composition analysis. Muscle composition was analysed using a combination of first-, second- and higher-order texture features. Muscle composition agreement across image resolutions was evaluated using a one-way ANOVA and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS Most muscle composition features displayed differences due to image resolution (p  0.90) compared to lower resolution images. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound image resolution influences muscle composition analysis. Image resolution should be fixed within and between individuals when evaluating muscle composition using ultrasound. © 2020 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Catalytic asymmetric iodoesterification of simple alkenes was achieved using a dinuclear zinc-3,3'-( R , S , S )-bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide ( di-Zn ) complex. For iodoesterification using p -methoxybenzoic acid, the N -iodonaphthalenimide (NIN)-I 2 system was effective for producing iodoesters in a highly enantioselective manner. The synthetic utility of the optically active iodo- p -methoxybenzoate products was also demonstrated. The quartet of metal ionic bond, hydrogen bond, halogen bond, and π-π stacking is harmonized on the single reaction sphere of di-Zn catalyst for enabling the highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric iodoesterification of simple alkenes in the first time. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. AZD4573 ic50 KGaA, Weinheim.Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is a prominent cell wall component of the opportunistic fungal pathogen  Aspergillus fumigatus . GAG is a heteropolysaccharide composed of  a -1,4-linked galactose, galactosamine and  N -acetylgalactosamine residues. To enable biochemical studies, a library of GAG-fragments was constructed featuring specimens containing  a -galactose-,  a -galactosamine and  a - N -acetyl   galactosamine linkages.  Key features of the synthetic strategy include the use of di- tert -butylsilylidene directed  a -galactosylation methodology and regioselective benzoylation reactions using benzoyl-hydroxybenzotriazole (Bz-OBt). Structural analysis of the Gal, GalN and GalNAc oligomers by a combination of NMR and MD approaches revealed that the oligomers adopt an elongated, almost straight, structure, stabilized by inter-residue H-bonds, one of which is a non-conventional C-H····O hydrogen bond between H5 of the residue (i+1) and O3 of the residue (i). The structures position the C-2 substituents almost perpendicular to the oligosaccharide main chain axis, pointing to the bulk solvent and available for interactions with antibodies or other binding partners. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.In kidney transplantation, eplet mismatches between donor and recipient have been associated with de novo donor-specific antibody development. Eplets are theoretically defined configurations of polymorphic amino acids and require experimental verification to establish whether they can be bound by allo-antibodies. Human HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been instrumental for this purpose but are largely lacking for HLA class II. In this study, we isolated single HLA-DR specific memory B cells from peripheral blood of immunized individuals (n=3) using HLA class II tetramers to generate recombinant human HLA-DR antigen-reactive mAbs (n=5). Comparison of the amino acid composition of the reactive HLA alleles in relation to the antibody reactivity patterns, led to identification of three configurations i.e. 70Q 73A, 31F 32Y 37Y, and 14K 25Q recognized respectively by HLA-DRB1*0101, HLA-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0701 antigen-reactive mAbs. The former two correspond to eplets 70QA and 31FYY and can now be considered antibody-verified.