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In 2015 bladder cancer was the fourth most frequent malignancy and the eighth cause of death for cancer. At diagnosis, about 30% of bladder cancer (BC) patients present a muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and 5% a metastatic bladder carcinoma (MBC). For fit MBC patients, combination chemotherapy (CC) is the standard of care for first-line treatment. CC includes both the treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) either the classical or the dose-dense MVAC regimen, and the doublet therapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine (CG). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7 months and median overall survival (OS) was 15 months. Combretastatin A4 chemical structure The present review provides an update on the management of MBC, with focus on target therapies, immune checkpoint inhibition, looking for prognostic and predictive factors.
Previous studies have shown the involvement of microRNA-449b-5p (miR-449b-5p) and MDM4 in tumor development. This study aims to illustrate the role of miR-449b-5p in inhibiting proliferative capacity of endometrial carcinoma (EC) by targeting MDM4.
Expression levels of miR-449b-5p and MDM4 in tumor tissues and paracancerous ones of EC patients were determined. Relationships between their levels and clinical parameters of EC patients were analyzed. Subsequently, regulatory effects of miR-449b-5p and MDM4 on proliferative capacities in KLE and HEC-1B cells were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay, respectively. Thereafter, in vivo xenograft models were established in nude mice administrated with KLE cells overexpressing MDM4 or those with miR-449b-5p knockdown. Then, tumor weight and tumor volume were measured after mouse sacrifice. Finally, the interaction between miR-449b-5p and MDM4 was explored by Luciferase assay.
It was found that MDM4 was upregulated and miR-449b-5p wegatively regulating MDM4 level, miR-449b-5p inhibits proliferative capacity in EC cells.
To investigate the correlation between breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging features and immune molecular subtypes.
A total of 129 breast cancer patients were selected as the research object. All the patients were diagnosed by histopathology. All of them had breast magnetic resonance imaging and examination data of immunohistochemical (IHC) ER, PR, HER-2, and Ki-67. The correlation of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging features with different immune molecular subtypes was retrospectively analyzed.
Breast cancer is divided into different molecular subtypes. There were 72 cases with Luminal A type (55.81%), 20 cases with Luminal B type (15.50%), 14 cases with HER-2+ type (HER-2 type for over-expression) (10.85%), 23 cases with TNBC type (ER, PR and HER-2 were negative) (17.84%). The magnetic resonance imaging features of breast cancer were included, the post-enhanced morphology, margins, internal enhancement features, time-signal intensity curve (TIC) and molecular subtype expression of lesions on of immune molecular subtypes. The breast cancer molecular subtypes can be predicted by the imaging signs, which can provide valuable information for preoperative neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
To provide a comprehensive description of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pleomorphic adenomas, adenolymphomas, and malignant tumors of the salivary glands on color doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).
64 patients with 35 pleomorphic adenomas, 24 adenolymphomas, and 12 malignant tumors were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined by color doppler ultrasonography and CEUS before operation. In color Doppler ultrasonography, degree of vascularity, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the vascular resistance index (RI) were obtained. In CEUS, type of enhancement, rim enhancement and area of enhancement were assessed. After the time-intensity curves (TIC) were drawn, the time to peak enhancement (TTP), peak intensity (PI) and the time from peak to one half (TFP) were calculated for the tumors and surrounding salivary parenchyma. Postoperatively, histopathologic examination of surgical specimens was used as the gold standard.
Color Doppler ultrasonognd CEUS in combination with a case history and other imaging.
To explore the connections between hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) during the development of the C57BL/6 mouse inner ear.
The specimens of C57BL/6 mouse inner ear, from E15 (embryo day 15) to adult mouse, were collected; immunohistochemistry was employed to explore the frozen sections of specimens.
The development of cochlea starts sequentially from the basal turn to the apex turn. Morphological development of SGNs occurs mainly from E16 to P12 (postnatal day 12). Hair cells appear from E18 to P12, and inner hair cells (IHCs) develop earlier than outer hair cells (OHCs). The connections between hair cells and SGNs begin to develop during E18-P1, morphologically resemble mature synapses during P8-P12, and completely mature in adult mice.
The genesis of auditory ribbon synapse occurs from E18 to P1. Synchronized with the development of SGNs and hair cells, the functional filaments remain connected to hair cells, while the spare ones get disconnected from the surface of hair cells. Connections between SGN nerve filaments and IHCs occur earlier than those between SGN nerve filaments and OHCs.
The genesis of auditory ribbon synapse occurs from E18 to P1. Synchronized with the development of SGNs and hair cells, the functional filaments remain connected to hair cells, while the spare ones get disconnected from the surface of hair cells. Connections between SGN nerve filaments and IHCs occur earlier than those between SGN nerve filaments and OHCs.
The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the low anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) serum level, due to severe endometriosis, was associated with diminished oocyte yield, poor oocyte/embryo quality and reduced in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) clinical outcomes in young patients (<37 years old).
A total of 50 IVF cycles of patients younger than 37 with severe endometriosis were retrospectively analyzed in a single center between November 2016 and July 2018. The clinical outcome was then compared to a control group of 84 patients with no story of endometriosis and normal AMH value. AMH value was evaluated within three months before the stimulation. In these two groups, number and maturation of retrieved oocytes, embryo quality, and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated and compared using Student's t-test and Fisher's test.
The number of oocytes retrieved per cycle and the percentage of mature oocytes (MII) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in IVF patients with severe endometriosis and AMH value ≤ 1.
