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Although psychological researchers have long studied the implications of major crises, the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have confronted the global community of psychologists and psychological researchers with new challenges. This special issue contributes to the growing empirical literature on the immediate psychological implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. We present and discuss diverse work from authors that followed our call for papers in May 2020, shortly after the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The studies focus on the early phases of the pandemic by addressing (a) implications of the pandemic for psychological well-being and mental health, (b) psychological effects of lockdown scenarios as well as (c) individual compliance with COVID-19 prevention and intervention measures. We conclude by highlighting the need for new research efforts, with a special focus on low- and middle-income regions, international research collaborations and cross-cultural research designs.
Whether long-term effectiveness differs between anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents is unknown.
To examine drug survival of first-line anti-TNF agents and identify predictors of discontinuation. To reduce channelling bias, we also compared drug survival of the second anti-TNF.
Biologic-naïve patients (N=955) recorded in the Swedish IBD Quality Register (SWIBREG) were examined. We used propensity score matching, comparing drug survival over up to three years of follow-up. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
In Crohn's disease, discontinuation because of lack/loss of response was 32% [95%CI=26%-38%] for infliximab versus 16% [95%CI=11%-21%] for adalimumab. Infliximab [vs adalimumab; aHR=1.96; 95%CI=1.20-3.21] and colonic disease (L2) [vs no L2; aHR=2.17; 95% CI=1.26-3.75] were associated with higher discontinuation rates, whereas normalised CRP at three months [aHR=0.40; 95% CI=0.19-0.81] with a lower rate. Consistently, patients who switval for infliximab (vs adalimumab) in Crohn's disease, suggests a potential difference between the two drugs.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently involves cardiovascular manifestations such as right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics. We evaluated the application of the critical care ultrasonography ORACLE protocol to identify the most frequent alterations and their influence on adverse outcomes, especially those involving the RV (dilatation and dysfunction).
This cross-sectional study included 204 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted at three centers. Echocardiography and lung ultrasound images were acquired on admission using the ORACLE ultrasonography algorithm.
Two-hundred and four consecutive patients were evaluated 22 (11.9%) demonstrated a fractional shortening of<35%; 33 (17.1%) a tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of<17mm; 26 (13.5%) a tricuspid peak systolic S wave tissue Doppler velocity of<9.5cm/sec; 69 (37.5%) a RV basal diameter of>41mm; 119 (58.3%) a pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of>35mm Hg; and 1d quickly and safely with the ORACLE protocol.Wilson disease (WD) is a rare genetic condition that results from a build-up of copper in the body. It requires life-long treatment and is mainly characterized by hepatic and neurological features. Copper accumulation has been reported to be related to the occurrence of heart disease, although little is known regarding this association. We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to document the association between WD and cardiac involvement. Thirty-two articles were retained. We also described three cases of sudden death. Cardiac manifestations in WD include cardiomyopathy (mainly left ventricular (LV) remodeling, hypertrophy, and LV diastolic dysfunction, and less frequently LV systolic dysfunction), increased levels of troponin, and/or brain natriuretic peptide, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, and rhythm or conduction abnormalities, which can be life-threatening. Dysautonomia has also been reported. The mechanism of cardiac damage in WD has not been elucidated. It may be the result of copper accumulation in the heart, and/or it could be due to a toxic effect of copper, resulting in the release of free oxygen radicals. Patients with signs and/or symptoms of cardiac involvement or who have cardiovascular risk factors should be examined by a cardiologist in addition to being assessed by their interdisciplinary treating team. Furthermore, ECG, cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and 24-hours or more of Holter monitoring at the diagnosis and/or during the follow-up of patients with WD need to be evaluated. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, although not always available, could also be a useful diagnostic tool, allowing assessment of the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and further guidance of the cardiac workup.
To determine the influence of intraoperative glove exchange on glove contamination during clean soft tissue surgery.
Prospective clinical study.
Two hundred pairs of gloves and gowns from 50 clean soft tissue surgeries.
Gloves and gown cuffs were cultured from the primary surgeon and first assistant using a standardized protocol. Cultures were taken from outer surface of both gown cuffs prior to surgery and after gloves were removed at the end of surgery; gloves were cultured prior to surgery, at end of surgery and after a new pair was donned after closed glove exchange. Cultures were evaluated for colony-forming units after 72 h of inoculation.
Bacterial contamination was documented in 41 of the 50 surgeries (82%). Chidamide in vivo The most common species cultured was Streptocococcus spp. There was no difference (p=.719) in the bacterial contamination rate of gown cuffs prior to surgery (10%; 20/200) compared to after surgery (9.5%; 19/200). The bacterial contamination rate for gloves was 10.5% (21/200) prior to surgery, 19.5% (39/196) after surgery, and 11% (22/200) after regloving. Gloves cultured following surgery were significantly more contaminated than gloves cultured preoperatively (p=.010) or gloves cultured following regloving (p=.018).
Glove exchange did not increase bacterial contamination of gloves during the clean soft tissue surgeries tested here.
The outside of the gown cuff does not seem to represent a major source of contamination during clean procedures. This study does not provide evidence to support a change in current practices for intraoperative closed glove exchange.
The outside of the gown cuff does not seem to represent a major source of contamination during clean procedures. This study does not provide evidence to support a change in current practices for intraoperative closed glove exchange.
This randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to compare the differences in periodontal clinical outcomes, duration of the procedure, and patient's experience between conventional scaling and root planing and Erbium-dopedYttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (ErYAG) in the treatment of generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis or generalized stages II or III, and grade B periodontitis based on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), American Academy of Periodontology (AAP), and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) definitions.
30 subjects were initially recruited. In a split-mouth fashion, right and left sides were randomly allocated into the two treatment arms conventional scaling and root planing (C-SRP) vs. laser-assisted scaling and root planing (L-SRP) groups. A blinded examiner recorded clinical measurements at baseline and 3 months. Duration of the procedure was also recorded for each visit, and the patient's experience was assessed with a questionnaire at baseline, 1, and 3 months.
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We present in vivo testing of a parallel transmit system intended for interventional MR-guided cardiac procedures.
The parallel transmit system was connected in-line with a conventional 1.5 Tesla MRI system to transmit and receive on an 8-coil array. The system used a current sensor for real-time feedback to achieve real-time current control by determining coupling and null modes.Experiments were conducted on 4 Charmoise sheep weighing 33.9-45.0 kg with nitinol guidewires placed under X-ray fluoroscopy in the atrium or ventricle of the heart via the femoral vein.Heating tests were done in vivo and post-mortem with a high RF power imaging sequence using the coupling mode. Anatomical imaging was done using a combination of null modes optimized to produce a useable B
field in the heart.
Anatomical imaging produced cine images of the heart comparable in quality to imaging with the quad mode (all channels with the same amplitude and phase).Maximum observed temperature increases occurred when insulation was stripped from the wire tip. These were 4.1℃ and 0.4℃ for the coupling mode and null modes, respectively for the in vivo case; increasing to 6.0℃ and 1.3℃, respectively for the ex vivo case, because cooling from blood flow is removed. Heating < 0.1℃ was observed when insulation was not stripped from guidewire tips. In all tests, the parallel transmit system managed to reduce the temperature at the guidewire tip.
We have demonstrated the first in vivo usage of an auxiliary parallel transmit system employing active feedback-based current control for interventional MRI with a conventional MRI scanner.
We have demonstrated the first in vivo usage of an auxiliary parallel transmit system employing active feedback-based current control for interventional MRI with a conventional MRI scanner.
Systemic responses to cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are variable and difficult to anticipate. The authors aimed to determine the association of CN with modifiable International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk factors and oncological outcomes.
Consecutive patients with mRCC referred for potential CN (2009-2019) were reviewed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS); variables of interest included undergoing CN and the baseline number of modifiable IMDC risk factors (anemia, hypercalcemia, neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, and reduced performance status). For operative cases, the authors evaluated the effects of IMDC risk factor dynamics, measured 6 weeks and 6 months after CN, on OS and postoperative treatment disposition.
Of 245 treatment-naive patients with mRCC referred for CN, 177 (72%) proceeded to surgery. The CN cases had fewer modifiable IMDC risk factors (P = .003), including none in 71 of 177 patientser clinically meaningful prognostic implications.18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is now an integral part of lymphoma staging and management. Because of its greater accuracy compared with CT alone, PET/CT is currently routinely performed for staging and for response assessment at the end of treatment in the vast majority of FDG-avid lymphomas and is the cornerstone of response classification for these lymphomas according to the Lugano classification. Interim PET/CT, typically performed after 2 to 4 of 6 to 8 chemotherapy/chemoimmunotherapy cycles with or without radiation, is commonly performed for prognostication and potential treatment escalation or de-escalation early in the course of therapy, a concept known as response-adapted or risk-adapted treatment. Quantitative PET is an area of growing interest. Metrics, such as the standardized uptake value, changes (Δ) in the standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis, are being investigated as more reproducible and potentially more accurate predictors of response and prognosis.
