Emersonneergaard0004

During the reproductive lifespan of a female, only a limited quantity of oocytes are naturally ovulated; therefore, the mammalian ovary possesses a substantial population of preantral follicles available to be handled and explored in vitro. Hence, the manipulation of preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue aims to recover a considerable population of oocytes of high-value animals for potential application in profitable assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). For this purpose, the technique of preantral follicle in vitro culture (IVC) has been the most common research tool, achieving extraordinary results with offspring production in the mouse model. Although promising outcomes have been generated in livestock animals after IVC of preantral follicles, the quantity and quality of embryo production with those oocytes are still poor. In recent years, the mare has become an additional model for IVC studies due to remarkable similarities with women and livestock animals regarding in vivo and in vitro ovarian folliculogenesis. For a successful IVC system, several factors should be carefully considered to provide an optimum culture environment able to support the viability and growth of preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue. The cryopreservation of the ovarian tissue is another important in vitro manipulation technique that has been used to preserve the reproductive potential in humans and, in the future, may be used in highly valuable domestic animals or endangered species. EPZ-6438 Several improvements in cryopreservation protocols are necessary to support the utilization of ovarian tissue of different species in follow-up ARTs (e.g., ovarian fragment transplantation). This review aims to provide an update on the most current advances regarding supportive in vitro techniques used in equids to evaluate and manipulate preantral follicles and ovarian tissue, as well as methodological approaches used during IVC and cryopreservation techniques.Tetracyclines are extensively used to treat human and animal infectious diseases due to its effective antimicrobial activities. About 70-90% of its parent materials are released into the environment through urine and feces, implying they are the most frequently detected antibiotics in the environment with high ecological risks. Adsorption and photocatalysis have been promising techniques for the removal of tetracyclines due to effectiveness and efficiency. Graphene-based materials provide promising platforms for adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of tetracyclines from aqueous environment owning to distinctive remarkable physicochemical, optical, and electrical characteristics. Herein, we intensively reviewed the available literatures in order to provide comprehensive insight about the applications and mechanisms of graphene-based materials for removal of tetracyclines via adsorption and phototocatalysis. The synthesis methods of graphene-based materials, the tetracycline adsorption and photocatalytic-degradation conditions, and removal mechanisms have been extensively discussed. Finally concluding remarks and future perspectives have been deduced and recommended to stimulate further researches in the subject. The review study can be used as theoretical guideline for further researchers to improve the current approaches of material synthesis and application towards tetracyclines removal.Over the past few decades, partitioning of the surface ocean into ecologically-meaningful spatial domains has been approached using a range of data types, with the aim of improving our understanding of open ocean processes, supporting marine management decisions and constraining coupled ocean-biogeochemical models. The simplest partitioning method, which could provide low-latency information for managers at low cost, remains a purely optical classification based on ocean colour remote sensing. The question is whether such a simple approach has value. Here, the efficacy of optical classifications in constraining physical variables that modulate the epipelagic environment is tested for the tropical Indian Ocean, with a focus on the Chagos marine protected area (MPA). Using remote sensing data, it was found that optical classes corresponded to distinctive ranges of wind speed, wind stress curl, sea surface temperature, sea surface slope, sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic currents (Kruskal-Wallis and positions and negative Southern Oscillation Indices were weakly associated with decreasing chl, fluorescence line height (FLH), eddy kinetic energy, easterly wind stress and wind stress curl, and with increasing FLH/chl, sea surface temperature, SSH gradients and northerly wind stress, consistent with reduced surface mixing and increased stratification. The optical partitioning scheme described here can be applied in Google Earth Engine to support management decisions at daily or monthly scales, and potential applications are discussed.Midwest corn producers face inherent risks in their daily operations and incorporate risk-management strategies to reduce uncertainty; among these, crop insurance has dominated the agricultural landscape for decades. Previous research on conservation adoption has primarily examined the impact of individual-level characteristics on adoption, yet little is known about the impact of external factors, such as crop insurance. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews and a multi-state survey to determine if crop insurance requirements limit cover crops and/or conservation tillage adoption for Midwest corn producers. Our findings indicate that crop insurance requirements are not a barrier to adoption. Rather, crop insurance and conservation practices serve unique - not contradictory - roles in Midwest producers' operations and are used simultaneously. Future research should continue to identify and seek solutions for external barriers to broadly increase adoption rates.This study was focused on creating a new and effective immobilization method for Trametes versicolor laccase (Lc) by using chitosan (CS) microspheres activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. The activation of the support alternated with immobilization of the enzyme, in repetitive procedures, led to obtaining three different products. Also, the physicochemical properties of the new products were investigated and compared with those of free laccase. The discoloration and reusability properties of the immobilized Lc were evaluated using indigo carmine (IC) as a model micropollutant. The ESEM and FT-IR methods demonstrated that the Lc was successfully immobilized. The relative reaction rate and the total amount of immobilized Lc were tripled using the iterative protocol as proved by specific and Bradford assays. The maximum amount of immobilized Lc was 8.4 mg Lc/g CS corresponding to the third immobilization procedure. Compared to the free Lc, the operational stability of the immobilized Lc was significantly improved, presenting a maximum activity plateau over a pH range of 3-5 and a temperature range of 25-50 °C.