Friskrichards0234

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Metastatic spine disease (MSD) is becoming more prevalent as medical treatment for cancers advance and extend survival. More MSD patients are treated surgically to maintain neurological function, ambulation, and quality of life. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use a large, nationally representative database to examine the trends, patient outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization associated with surgical treatment of MSD. DESIGN This was an epidemiologic study using national administrative data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). check details PATIENT SAMPLE All patients in the NRD from 2010 to 2014 who underwent spinal surgery were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality, blood transfusion, complications, length of stay (LOS), cost, and discharge location during index hospitalization as well as hospital readmission and revision surgery within 90-days of surgery were analyzed. METHODS International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, (ICD-9) codes were used to iadmission (OR=2.82, 95% CI 2.68-2.96, p less then 0.0001), readmission for surgical site infection (SSI) (OR=2.38, 95% CI 2.20-2.58, p less then 0.0001), and readmission with neurologic deficits (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.27-2.06, p less then 0.0001) despite a decreased risk of revision fusion (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.96, p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS The number of MSD patients who undergo surgical treatments is increasing. Not only do these patients have worse outcomes during index hospitalization, but they are also at an increased risk of hospital readmission for SSI and neurologic complications. These findings stress the need for multidisciplinary perioperative treatment plans that mitigate risks and facilitate quick, effective recovery in these unique, at-risk patients. BACKGROUND CONTEXT Clinically, the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and surgical instrumentation efficacy is well recognized. Although several studies have quantified the BMD of the human lumbar spine, comprehensive BMD data for the cervical spine is limited. The few available studies included young and healthy patient samples, which may not represent the typical cervical fusion patient. Currently no large scale study provides detailed BMD information of the cervical and first thoracic vertebrae in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine possible trabecular BMD variations throughout the cervical spine and first thoracic vertebra in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and to assess the correlation between BMDs of the spinal levels C1-T1. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a retrospective case series. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients undergoing ACDF from 2015 to 2018 at a single, academic institution with available pation in the cervical spine might be useful to surgeons utilizing anterior cervical spine plate and screw systems. Due to the significant variation in cervical BMD, procedures involving instrumentation at lower density caudal levels might potentially benefit from a modification in instrumentation or surgical technique to achieve results similar to more cephalad levels. link2 BACKGROUND CONTEXT The New England Spinal Metastasis Score (NESMS) was proposed as an intuitive and accessible prognostic tool for predicting survival in patients with spinal metastases. We designed an appropriately powered, prospective, longitudinal investigation to validate the NESMS. PURPOSE To prospectively validate the NESMS. STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal observational cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients, aged 18 and older, presenting for treatment with spinal metastatic disease. OUTCOME MEASURES One-year mortality (primary); 6-month mortality and mortality at any time point following enrollment (secondary). METHODS The date of enrollment was set as time zero for all patients. The NESMS was assigned based on data collected at the time of enrollment. Patients were prospectively followed to one of two predetermined end-points death, or survival at 365 days following enrollment. Survival was visually assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and then analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, folloealth-care policy. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the consistency and strength of relations between prosocial behavior, externalizing behaviors, and internalizing symptoms from preadolescence (i.e., 1-9 years) to late adolescence (i.e., 19-25 years). This study directly addresses inconsistencies and gaps in the available literature by providing the field with a detailed, synthesized description of these associations. METHOD Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, containing 742 independent correlational effect sizes. Statistical information and other study information was coded and entered into Comprehensive Meta-analysis III software, which was used to analyze results. RESULTS Results showed that higher levels of prosocial behavior were significantly associated with lower levels of externalizing behaviors, as expected. Additionally, more reported prosocial behavior was related to less reported internalizing symptoms. Follow-up analyses revealed specific relationships between prosocial behavior and aggression, deviant peer association, risky sexual behavior, substance use, delinquency/general externalizing behavior, depression, and general internalizing behaviors (i.e., emotional problems, negative emotionality). A variety of moderators of these associations were considered, including age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Findings are discussed in the context of the broader research literature, weaknesses in the field are noted, and numerous meaningful directions for future research are presented. INTRODUCTION Little attention has been paid to the role of neighborhoods as a predictor of intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. This study uses a nationally representative, longitudinal sample from the United States to examine how neighborhoods impact racial/ethnic disparities in the intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. METHODS The study sample is derived from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The sample size comprises 13,738 participants (aged 15 at Wave 1; 51% female). Multilevel regression is used to predict racial/ethnic disparities in intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. Six neighborhood-level indicators are regressed on the indicators of intergenerational transmission of education, income and occupational prestige, while controlling for a range of individual socio-demographic variables. RESULTS Results reveal that (1) African-American and Hispanic children are less likely to surpass their parents' levels of education, income and occupational prestige than Asian-Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic white children; (2) these racial/ethnic differences in intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status are attenuated but not fully explained by neighborhood-level indicators; (3) all but one of the neighborhood-level factors examined were significant in predicting the pace of intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS The implication of these results is that policies aimed at reducing inequalities between residential neighborhoods are likely to beneficially affect all racial/ethnic groups but are not sufficient in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status. Photodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is highly important in humic waters of peatland regions, yet the coupling between organic and organo-mineral colloids, trace metals and bioavailability of photodegraded products is poorly known. Here we studied photo-destruction of organo-mineral colloids induced by UV-irradiation of sterile-filtered mire water. We revealed two simultaneously occurring processes of transformation of DOM and trace elements speciation (i) disintegration of high molecular weight organo-mineral colloids into lower molecular weight (0.22 μm) aggregates of metals and organic matter. Over 26 days of UV-irradiation, up to 20% of dissolved organic carbon from peat waters was transformed into CO2. In addition to transformation of organic compounds, sizeable change in speciation and size fractionation of many trace metals such as Fe, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, Cu, V, La, Ni and Cr occurred. Although short-term (1 day) UV-irradiation of mire water stimulated growth of cultivable Pseudomonas sp. bacterium, the long-term exposure (26 days) of organic substrate had a negative effect on bacterial development. Therefore, while sizeable transformation of the organic and metal colloidal load of peat water may occur over first 10 days of UV-irradiation, the enhanced bioavailability of UV-treated substrate is achieved after first day of exposure. The present study demonstrates the importance of even short-term UV-irradiation on colloidal transformation and potential bioavailability of humic waters from temperate mires and highlights the need for more detailed study of coupled metal-organic matter transformation induced by sunlight exposure of mire waters. The effect of NaCl concentration on the structure of d-xylose in H2O was studied. It was found that NaCl could prolong the equilibrium time between the two main configurations, α-xylopyranose and β-xylopyranose. The proportion of α-xylopyranose was slightly increased in NaCl-H2O solution than that in H2O, and the alteration of NaCl on α-xylopyranose and β-xylopyranose was different. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that NaCl was more favorable to stabilize the structure of α-xylopyranose. Na+ had attraction with O atoms (α O6; β O6 and O1), with the outflow of electron from C atom to O atom on the C1-O6 bond, which was beneficial to the transformation between chain form and pyran forms. Cl- had interaction with the hydroxyl groups of xylose. The interaction between xylose and NaCl, was also evidenced by the variation of 35Cl and 23Na NMR spectra. The findings could provide guidance for understanding the conformational change and design of xylose conversion ways. It also provided valuable information for making efficient use of hemicellulose. link3 The Suzuki reaction is one of the most effective methods for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and is of great utility in organic synthesis. Recently, cyclodextrin based palladium catalysts were found to be very selective, convenient and efficient for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. This review focuses on such cyclodextrin systems of palladium which act as efficient catalysts with high catalytic activity and recyclability in Suzuki reaction and covers literature up to 2019. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between emotional and behavioral disorders, missed school days and health care visits while controlling for sociodemographic factors, and co-morbid medical conditions in a nationally representative sample. METHODS Data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey was used to assess the associations between emotional and behavioral disorders, in children aged 4-11 and 12-17 years, on missed days of school, health care office visits, and emergency department visits. Emotional and behavioral disorders was assessed utilizing a validated screener. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for co-morbid medical conditions and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Adolescents who screened positive for anxiety, depression, peer problems and severe impairment had 4-8 times the odds of missing more school than their peers that screened negative. Young children with anxiety had 4 times increased odds of missing more school whereas positive emotional and behavioral health was protective against missing school.