Ramosmedlin3449

CONCLUSION The in-silico activity of small molecules (enzymes, proteins, among others) might be used as pharmacological tools to develop candidate compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis. As some pharmacologically active compounds may act on more than one target, additional studies of the mechanism (s) of action of potent antileishmanial compounds might help to better understand their pharmacological action. Also, the optimization of the promising antileishmanial compounds might improve their biological activity. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.AIM AND OBJECTIVE Herein, a novel heterogeneous catalytic system constructed of iron oxide and palladium nanoparticles is presented. Firstly, a convenient synthetic pathway for preparation of this catalytic system is introduced, then the application of the fabricated nanocomposite in the Pd-catalyzed C─C coupling reactions is monitored. High reaction yields (98%) have been obtained in a short reaction time, through applying this catalytic system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fe3O4/P4VP-Pd catalytic system was fabricated via an in situ method by 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP). In this regard, all the essential structural analyses such as FT-IR, EDX, VSM, and TGA have been performed on the Fe3O4/P4VP-Pd catalytic system to investigate its properties. The spherical morphology of the NPs and their uniform size have also been studied by SEM method. Further, the reaction progress was controlled by thin-layer chromatography. Finally, NMR analysis was used to identify the synthesized biphenyl pharmaceutical derivatives. RESULTS High efficiency of this catalytic system has been precisely investigated and the optimal conditions was determined. The catalytic process is carried out in 20 min, under mild conditions (room temperature). Then, the purification process is easily performed via magnetic separation of the catalyst NPs. After completion of the synthesis reaction, the NPs were collected, washed, and reused for several times. CONCLUSION Among recently reported heterogeneous catalytic systems, Fe3O4/P4VP-Pd is recommended due to its high catalytic performance, convenience of the preparation process, excellent biocompatibility, economic benefits, and well reusability. Overall, in order to save time in the complex synthetic processes and also prevent using so much chemical reagents and solvents for the purification process, the presented catalytic system could be suitable for scalling up and applying for the industrial applications. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Parkinson's disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative diseases which have a mortifying effect on the health of almost hundreds of millions of people around the globe. The neural cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain die out which leads to symptoms like hypokinesia, rigidity, bradykinesia and rest tremor.Parkinsonism cannot be cured but the symptoms can be reduced with the intervention of medicinal drugs, surgical treatments and physical therapies. Delivering drugs to the brain for treating Parkinson's disease is very challenging, the blood brain barrier act as a highly selective semi permeable barrier which refrains the drug from reaching the brain. Conventional drug delivery systems used for Parkinson's disease does not easily cross the blood barrier and further leads to a number of side effects. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have facilitated the drug delivery to the brain without flooding the blood stream and by directly targeting the neurons.In the era of Nanotherapeutics, liposomes can be an efficient drug delivery option for brain targeting.Liposomes can facilitate the passage of drugs across the blood brain barrier, enhances the efficacy of the drugs and minimises the side effects related to it. The review aims at providing a broad updated view of the liposomes, which can be used for targetingParkinson's disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis, Juniperus communis, J. excelsa, J. foetidissima, J. polycarpos var. turcomanica, J. sabina, and Taxus baccata are conifers in Iran. These plants have a long reputation in different systems of traditional medicines for a variety of diseases. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information about the ethnopharmacological uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacology of these conifers. Furthermore this study comprises a bibliographical survey of major Islamic Traditional Medicine (ITM) books regarding different medical aspects of these species. A literature search was conducted on the applications of these conifers both in traditional and modern medicines by referencing traditional textbooks and scientific databases. Ethnobotanical literature review indicates that various parts of the plants including cones, berries, leaves, bark, wood, and resin have been used for a broad spectrum of applications. In Iran, C. sempervirens, J. sabina, J. NE 52-QQ57 communis, and T. baccata have been used traditionally for the treatment of urinary, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and integumentary systems-related problems. The phytochemical constituents of these plants can be divided into two main categories volatile and non-volatile components, all dominated by terpenes. Considering the pharmacological and clinical evidence, while some of the traditional applications of these plants are supported by modern medicine, implying the value of the traditional and folklore knowledge for finding new lead compounds in drug discovery, some have remained unexamined showing the need for much more studies in this regard. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.The development of Assisted Reproductive Technique, the egg and embryo donation changed substantially the role of the uterus in recent years. They provided a higher chance for a pregnancy even in women over 45 years or post-menopause. In fact, the number of aged patients and in peri/post-menopause in pregnancy is nowadays increasing, but it increases obstetrical and neonatal related problems. The human uterus is richly innerved and modified especially during pregnancy and labor, and it is endowed with different sensory, parasympathetic, sympathetic and peptidergic neurofibers. They are differently distributed in uterine fundus, body and cervix, and they are mainly observed in the stroma and around arterial vessel walls in the myometrial and endometrial layers. Many neurotransmitters playing important roles in reproductive physiology are released after stimulation by adrenergic or cholinergic nerve fibers (the so called sympathetic/parasympathetic co-transmission). Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization and quantitative distribution of neurofibers in the fundus, the body and cervix of young women of childbearing age.