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In the UV/H2O2 process, the EED value for 90% removing rate was 0.156 kWh m-3 for the IPMP, 0.135 kWh m-3 for the IBMP, and 0.154 kWh m-3 for the TCA, respectively. In case of the UV/Cl2, the EED value for 50% removing rate was 0.174 kWh m-3 for the IPMP, 0.138 kWh m-3 for the IBMP, and 0.169 kWh m-3 for the TCA, respectively.

Previous studies reported the prevalence of mcr-1 among clinical infected Salmonella isolates in China. However, the transmission dynamics of mcr-1 in different ecological niches were not well investigated. Our objective is to exhibit the transmission dynamics of mcr-1 in Salmonella.

598 Salmonella isolates were recovered from ten hospitals; besides 936 pig faces and 167 pork samples were collected from January 2015 to December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. PCR and sequencing were used to identify mcr-1-positive Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with 16 antimicrobials. Conjugation, S1-PFGE, and Southern blot were used to determine the transferability and location of mcr-1. Whole-genome sequencing was used to investigate pangenome, phylogeny, plasmid, and transposon.

Eleven mcr-1-positive Salmonella isolates were identified from patients with infectious diarrhea. Five pig fecal samples and three pork samples contained mcr-1-positive Salmonella isolates. All isolates were multi-dr the horizontal transfer of IncHI2-pST3 plasmid. Continuous surveillance on Salmonella should be performed to investigate the response of colistin banning in food-producing animals by mcr-1-positive Salmonella populations.Cow manure (CM) is a kind of biowaste with potential for heat recovery and energy. The effects of different leaching solvents on the physicochemical structure of CM and the catalysis role of AAEMs on the thermal behavior were studied. TGA experiments showed that the maximum weight loss rate and the peak temperature of hemicellulose and cellulose increased after leaching, while the TG/DTG curve moved to a high temperature direction. The devolatilization index (Di) value of the raw and leaching samples increased with the increase of the heating rate, indicating that the higher heating rate promoted the release of volatile. The treatment with leaching not only removed AAEMs in CM effectively, but also led to a larger specific surface area and pore volume, and reduced the crystallinity of cellulose and crystal size in CM. Na salt and K salt were mainly in water soluble state, while Ca salt and Mg salt were mainly in acid soluble salt. Compared with the change of physical and chemical structure caused by leaching, the removal of AAEMs played a dominant role in the pyrolysis characteristics of the samples. The removal efficiency of AAEMs increased with the strength of acid. Based on Kissinger model, the Eα of Raw-CM, H2O-CM, CH3COOH-CM, HCl-CM, HNO3-CM and H2SO4-CM is 171.30 kJ/mol, 187.58 kJ/mol, 190.86 kJ/mol, 292.10 kJ/mol, 287.79 kJ/mol and 280.69 kJ/mol respectively. Both the raw and leaching samples followed the reaction order mechanism and tended to react according to a higher-order reaction model between n = 1.5 and n = 4. In contrast, CH3COOH is an ideal solvent for leaching pretreatment.China's surface mining greatly supported the rapid socio-economic development; however, there was a scarcity in the systematic understanding of national changes in surface mining changes and associated ecosystem services (ESs) losses, which inevitably affected human well-being and limited sustainable ecosystem management and policy optimization. In this study, we quantified the areal changes in surface mining based on the ChinaCover database and performed further analysis of ES loss from expanded surface mining using multidimensional geospatial data from 1990 to 2015, including MODIS products, meteorological records, and statistical datasets. Our observations reveal that China's surface mining was estimated to be 4746 km2 in 2015 and that Inner Mongolia had the largest surface mining area (28%). Surface mining expanded remarkably from 1990 to 2015, with an increase by 2.7 times after 2000. In particular, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Qinghai had the greatest increases in surface mining area. Rapid expansion of surface mining led to obvious declines in natural habitat area, water retention, net primary productivity, and grain production, and these ES losses showed apparent spatiotemporal variations. China has taken many measures to reclaim the abandoned surface mining sites. Given the rapid expansion of surface mining and related ES loss, China should continue to perform ecological restoration for its sustainability.International rivers are one of the most politicized natural resources. Their dynamism, whether driven by the influence of natural processes or artificial drivers, can generate political issues between countries where de river is the common boundary. The present study has tried to discern the role of international riverine borders as a limiting factor of their dynamics from a geomorphological point of view. In this context, the main objective of this research is to assess how land cover in the floodplain has been affected by river dynamics along a border by analysing a 160-km-long reach of the Aras River, which is the natural frontier between Iran, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, over the last 35 years (i.e., 1984-2019). Landsat images from 1984 to 2019 have been used to assess land cover changes in a floodplain buffer using Support Vector Machine algorithms and geomorphological changes through indexes such as the River Network Change Index, Channel Mobility Index, Sinuosity index, and Bank retreat index. The resultmost important types. The key to this habitat degradation comes from the management with irrigation purposes of large reservoirs that directly or indirectly would cause most of the changes detected.Soils and forest soil in particular represent important pools of carbon (C). The amount of C stored in soil depends on the input of organic matter into the soil, but also on quality of the organic matter, which determines the proportion of organic matter that remains in the soil or that is released from the soil as CO2. Here, we present a quantitative review of common garden experiments in which various tree species were planted alongside each other. The main goals of the study were to determine whether 1) the amount of sequestered C under broadleaf and coniferous trees could be affected by soil age and previous land use; 2) the CN ratio of leaf litter is correlated with the amount of sequestered C; 3) the amount of sequestered C under broadleaf and coniferous trees could be affected by pH and clay content. Tepotinib clinical trial We found that the effects of broadleaf and coniferous trees on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration differed with the stage of soil development. We used soils with different previous land uses as a representative of different stages of soil development.