Halvorsenmurdock9818

According to the analysis of the NOR degradation path, SO4⋅- could attack the C-H bond on the piperazine ring or quinolone group of NOR, which resulted in it more active and accelerating the destruction of NOR with SO4⋅- and ⋅OH. The destruction of the quinolone group was the main pathway in the H2O2 process, while the destruction of the piperazine ring was the main pathway in the PMS process. In sum, the Co/g-C3N4/PMS process had a higher photocatalytic activity and economic applicability.Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in the world. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants is closely related to acute respiratory diseases and asthmatic symptoms. The purpose of this research was to estimate the correlation between exposure to three air pollutants (O3, NO2, and SO2) and hospital admission because of asthmatic disease (HAAD) in the city of Shiraz, southern Iran. The data were collected from the two real-time monitoring stations located in this city. The acquired information was used for developing predictive models by the AirQ software. The findings of this study were reported for two age groups ( less then 15 and 15-64 years old). The highest levels of O3, NO2, and SO2 were obtained 187.33 μg/m3, 34.1 μg/m3, and 491.2 μg/m3 in 2016, respectively, and 227.75 μg/m3, 92.26 μg/m3, and 190.21 μg/m3, respectively, in 2017. Among the mentioned pollutants, the yearly average concentration of SO2 was 8.62 times more than the WHO guideline, during the studied times. The number of extra cases of HAAD for less then 15 years and 15-64 years caused by the air pollutants in Shiraz were estimated to be 273 and 36, respectively, in 2016, and 243 and 30 for 2017, respectively. The results of this work displayed that air pollutants have caused respiratory problems in Shiraz city. The AirQ model is a facile and potential tool for the prediction of asthma disease to reduce the health risk of atmospheric pollutants in the worldwide.The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected at academic campus of Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India from January-December 2017. The PM2.5 samples were analysed for carcinogenic (Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and Pb) and non-carcinogenic (V, Cu, Zn, Fe) trace metals and their elicited effects on carcinoma epithelial cell line A549. Toxicological testing was done with ELISA kit. Same analyses were repeated for standard reference material (NIST-1648a) represents urban particulate matter. The student-t test and spearman correlation were used for data analysis. The seasonality in PM2.5 mass concentration and chemical composition showed effect on biological outcomes. The PM2.5 in post-monsoon and winter had higher amount of trace metals compared to mass collected in pre-monsoon and monsoon. Following the trend in PM mass concentration significantly (p less then 0.5) lower cell viability was observed in post-monsoon and winter compared to other two seasons. NIST UPM 1648(a) samples always had higher cytotoxicitnt association between ROS production with cell viability. Overall, in Delhi most toxic seasons for respiratory system are winter and post-monsoon and safest season is monsoon.This study explored the feasibility of char and tar formation inhibition during supercritical water gasification of sewage sludge (SS) by additive addition. Experiments were conducted in autoclave with 5 wt% additives at 400 °C for 30 min. OTX008 research buy -additive gasification of SS resulted in a higher char yield (12.6%) and tar yield (16.4%). In contrast, the five additives reduced the char yield (3.4-11.2%), the inhibition of char yield by additives was in the order of NaOH > K2CO3 > H2O2 > acetic acid > NiCl2. The inhibition of tar formation was limited, tar yield were 13.3-18.8% with additives. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the functional groups of char/tar, and it was observed that the spectra of char were more similar to those of hydrochar obtained in a low-temperature experiment. #link# Model compounds of potential precursors was also tested to study the mechanism of action of additives, the results reveal that additives have different effects on char/tar formation from various components, the inhibitory effects of additives on the yield of char from humus and tar from lignin were limited. Finally, the effects of additives on gasification were also studied. The addition of additives will have an impact on the hydrogen yield and gasification efficiency, which also needs to be considered when use additive to reduce the by-products yield.This study focused on the fouling characteristics evaluation of the sludge in a membrane bioreactor integrated with microbial fuel cell (MFC-MBR) to reveal the mechanisms of membrane fouling mitigation. The filtration of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in MFC-MBR showed lower flux decline rate than those in the control system (C-MBR). Based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek analysis, decreases in free energies of adhesion between the SMPs and clean membrane or SMP-fouled membrane were observed in MFC-MBR. When approaching the clean membrane or SMP-fouled membrane, the SMPs in MFC-MBR had to overcome a higher energy barrier compared to those in C-MBR, indicating the inhibition of adsorption of SMPs on the membrane surface in MFC-MBR. Additionally, sludge flocs in MFC-MBR exhibited lower hydrophobicity and were less negative surface charged in comparison to those in the C-MBR. In MFC-MBR, the sludge flocs approaching the clean membrane, SMP-fouled membrane and cake layer all experienced higher energy barriers and lower secondary energy minimums compared to those in C-MBR, exhibiting the lower potential of cake layer formation. These results confirmed that decreases of the fouling potentials of SMPs and sludge flocs were essential for the membrane fouling mitigation in the MFC-MBR.Due to the multi-catalysis of the WO3 and excellent properties of the graphene (GO), a series of rGO-WO3 nanocomposites were prepared through the hydrothermal synthesis procedure by changing the material ratio, the reaction temperature and the reaction time in this paper, and then added it into a dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) system for investigating the bisphenol A (BPA)'s degradation and corresponding catalytic mechanism of the rGO-WO3 in the DBDP system. The obtained results show that there was an optimum dosage of the rGO-WO3 (40 mg/L) as well as the preparation conditions (51000 mass ratio of the GO and the WO3, 18 h reaction time and 120 °C reaction temperature) for achieving the highest catalytic effect, and the highest degradation rate constant of the BPA was 0.03129 min-1. The determined higher TOC removal, higher COD removal as well as UV-Vis analysis also demonstrated the catalysis of the rGO-WO3. The measurement of the change of the O3 and the H2O2 concentrations in the reaction system with or without the rGO-WO3 and with or without the BPA proved the catalysis of the rGO-WO3 on the ·OH formation, while the combination of the GO had the positive effect for enhancing the catalytic effect. A figure on the catalysis and degradation procedure of the BPA in the DBDP/rGO-WO3 system was provided in the paper.Hydroxylamine (HA) driven advanced oxidation processes (HAOPs) for water treatment have attracted extensive attention due to the acceleration of reactive intermediates generation and the improvement on the elimination effectiveness of target contaminants. In this review, HAOPs were categorized into three parts (1) direct reaction of HA with oxidants (e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), ozone (O3), ferrate (Fe(VI)), periodate (IO4-)); (2) HA driven homogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like system (Fe(II)/peroxide/HA system, Cu(II)/O2/HA system, Cu(II)/peroxide/HA system, Ce(IV)/H2O2/HA system); (3) HA driven heterogeneous Fe/Cu-Fenton/Fenton-like system (iron-bearing material/peroxide/HA system, copper-bearing material/peroxide/HA system, bimetallic composite/peroxide/HA system). Degradation efficiency of the target pollutant, reactive intermediates, and effective pH range of various HAOPs were summarized. Further, corresponding reaction mechanism was elaborated. For the direct reaction of HA with oxidants, improvement of pollutants degradation was achieved through the generation of secondary reactive intermediates which had higher reactivity compared with the parent oxidant. For HA driven homogeneous and heterogeneous Fe/Cu-Fenton/Fenton-like system, improvement of pollutants degradation was achieved mainly via the acceleration of redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) or Cu(II)/Cu(I) and subsequent generation of reactive intermediates, which avoided the drawbacks of classical Fenton/Fenton-like system. In addition, HA driven homogeneous Fe/Cu-Fenton/Fenton-like system with heterogeneous counterpart were compared. Further, formation of oxidation products from HA in various HAOPs was summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects in this field were discussed.Effective and practical materials are important for the pollution control in the environment. A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (CoFe2O4@TiO2-MMIP) was prepared based on the surface molecular imprinting technology combined with photocatalytic degradation and magnetic separation. The adsorption rate constant and maximum adsorption capacity of CoFe2O4@TiO2-MMIP are 0.21 g mg-1 min-1 and 14.26 mg g-1, respectively. The effects of experimental factors on the adsorption properties of the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer were investigated. CoFe2O4@TiO2-MMIP had selective adsorption ability towards fluoroquinolones. The adsorption efficiency was closely related to the molecular structure, molecular weight, polarity and functional groups of the target contaminant and the removal efficiency of norfloxacin was affected by another substance obviously in binary adsorption system. The adsorption-photocatalytic recycling experiment verified that CoFe2O4@TiO2-MMIP could simultaneously complete the degradation of pollutants and in-situ regeneration, indicating good reusability. This material with selective adsorption and photocatalytic regeneration would have substantial attraction for application in the removal of fluoroquinolones.Pot experiments were conducted to study combined effects of Ca and Cd on contents of Cd and Ca, and membrane transporters activities (CC (calcium channel protein), ATPase and CAXs (cationic/H+ antiporter) of two-year old Panax notoginseng with application of different concentrations of Ca2+ (0, 180 and 360 mgkg-1, prepared by Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2, respectively) under Cd2+ (0, 0.6, 6.0, and 12.0 mgkg-1, prepared by CdCl2•2.5H2O) treatments. The results showed that soil available Cd contents decreased with Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 application. link2 Soil pH value increased with Ca(OH)2 application. The contents of Cd in all parts of P. notoginseng increased with the increase in Cd treatment concentrations. The Cd content of P. link3 notoginseng decreased with Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2 treatments. The activities of CC and ATPase in the main root of P. notoginseng decreased with the increase in Cd treatment concentrations and application of CaCl2. The activities of CC and ATPase increased with Ca(OH)2application. The activity of CAXs in the main root of P.